Orders of magnitude (time)

An order of magnitude describes the link between two different amounts. The difference between each amount step is usually 10, with each order being either 10 times greater or 10 times smaller than the next amount. This makes the scale easy to manipulate using logarithms. For time units, the difference between the smallest limit of time, the Planck time, and the next order of magnitude is larger than 10. A second is 60 t, a minute is 60 seconds, an hour is 60 minutes, a day is 24 hours, a week is 7 days, a month is 4 weeks, a year is 12 months, a millennium is 1,000 years, etc...

Seconds

Orders of magnitude in seconds (time)
Factor (in seconds) Time Unit Multiples: Time Unit Symbol: Time Unit Definition: Comparative examples & common units of time: Orders of magnitude:
10−44 seconds 1 Planck Time tP Planck Time is the time required for light to travel a distance of 1 Planck length in vacuum. - -
10−30 seconds 1 quectosecond qs Quectosecond, (quecto + second), is one nonillionth (in the short scale) of a second. - 1 qs and less, 10 qs, 100 qs
10−27 seconds 1 rontosecond rs Rontosecond, (ronto + second), is one quintillionth (in the long scale) or one octillionth (in the short scale) of a second. 300 rs: Average lifetime of W and Z bosons 1 rs, 10 rs, 100 rs
10−24 seconds 1 yoctosecond ys[1] Yoctosecond, (yocto + second), is one quadrillionth (in the long scale) or one septillionth (in the short scale) of a second. 0.3 ys: mean life of the W and Z bosons.
1 ys: time for top quark decay.
1 ys: time taken for a quark to emit a gluon.
91 ys: half-life of lithium-4.[2] 		1 ys, 10 ys, 100 ys
10−21 seconds 1 zeptosecond zs Zeptosecond, (zepto + second), is one sextillionth of a second. 7 zs: half-life of helium-9's outer neutron in the second nuclear halo.
17 zs: approximate period of electromagnetic radiation at the boundary between gamma rays and X-rays.

247 zs: The experimentally-measured travel time of a photon across a hydrogen molecule
300 zs: approximate typical cycle time of X-rays, on the boundary between hard and soft X-rays

1 zs, 10 zs, 100 zs
10−18 seconds 1 attosecond as Attosecond is one quintillionth of a second. 100 attoseconds: shortest measured period of time.[3][4] 1 as, 10 as, 100 as
10−15 seconds 1 femtosecond fs Femtosecond is one quadrillionth of a second. cycle time for 390 nanometre light, transition from visible light to ultraviolet 1 fs, 10 fs, 100 fs
10−12 seconds 1 picosecond ps Picosecond is one trillionth of a second. 1 ps: half-life of a bottom quark
4 ps: Time to execute one machine cycle by an IBM Silicon-Germanium transistor (supercomputer) 		1 ps, 10 ps, 100 ps
10−9 seconds 1 nanosecond ns Nanosecond is one billionth of a second. 1 ns: Time to execute one machine cycle by an Intel Pentium 4 1 GHz microprocessor
1 ns: Light travels 12 inches (30 cm)
1,000,000,000 nanoseconds: 1 second 		1 ns, 10 ns, 100 ns
10−6 seconds 1 microsecond µs Microsecond is one millionth of a second. sometimes also abbreviated µsec
1 µs: Time to execute one machine cycle by an Intel 80186 microprocessor
4-16 µs: Time to execute one machine cycle by an older minicomputer 		1 µs, 10 µs, 100 µs
10−3 seconds 1 millisecond ms Millisecond is one thousandth of a second. 50-80 ms: The time taken to blink an eye 1 ms, 10 ms, 100 ms
10−2 seconds 1 centisecond cs Centisecond is one hundredth of a second. - 1 cs, 10 cs, 100 cs
10−1 seconds 1 decisecond ds Decisecond is one tenth of a second. - 1 ds, 10 ds
100 seconds 1 second s - 1 second (s): "One Mississippi" said aloud
60 seconds (s): 1 minute 		1 second, 10 seconds, 100 seconds
101 seconds 1 decasecond
(10 seconds) 		das Decasecond is ten seconds. 6 decaseconds (das): 1 minute 101 seconds
102 seconds 1 hectosecond
(1 minute and 40 seconds) 		hs Hectosecond is one hundred seconds. 3 hectoseconds (hs): 5 minutes 102 seconds
103 seconds 1 kilosecond
(16 minutes and 40 seconds) 		ks Kilosecond is one thousand seconds. 3.6 kiloseconds (ks): 3,600 seconds or 1 hour
86.4 kiloseconds (ks): 86,400 seconds or 1 day
604.8 kiloseconds (ks): 1 week 		103 seconds, 104 seconds, 105 seconds
106 seconds 1 megasecond
(11 days, 13 hours, 46 minutes, and 40 seconds) 		Ms Megasecond is one million seconds. 1.21 megaseconds (Ms): one fortnight (1.21 × 106 seconds)

2.6 megaseconds (Ms): one month (2.6 × 106 seconds)
31.6 megaseconds (Ms): one year (107.50 seconds ≈ π × 107 seconds)

106 seconds, 107 seconds, 108 seconds
109 seconds 1 gigasecond
(31.7 years) 		Gs Gigasecond is one billion seconds. 3.16 gigaseconds (Gs): one century ( ≈ π×109 seconds)
31.6 gigaseconds (Gs): one millennium ( ≈ π×1010 seconds) 		109 seconds, 1010 seconds, 1011 seconds
1012 seconds 1 terasecond
(31,700 years) 		Ts Terasecond is one trillion seconds. 9.5 teraseconds (Ts): 300,000 years (300 ka), the approximate time since modern humans (Homo sapiens) emerged

31.6 teraseconds (Ts): one megaannum/eon ( ≈ π×1013 seconds)

100.1 teraseconds (Ts): 3.2 million years (3.2 Ma), the approximate age of the famous Australopithecus afarensis hominin fossil “Lucy”

1012 seconds, 1013 seconds, 1014 seconds
1015 seconds 1 petasecond
(31.7 million years) 		Ps Petasecond is one quadrillion seconds. 1.8 petaseconds (Ps): 56 million years (56 Ma), the approximate time since the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM)

2.1 petaseconds (Ps): 66 million years (66 Ma), the approximate time since the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) extinction event and dinosaur extinction

6.4 petaseconds (Ps): 201.4 million years (201.4 Ma), the approximate time since the Triassic-Jurassic (Tr-J) extinction event

8 petaseconds (Ps): 252.2 million years (252.2 Ma), the approximate time since the Permian-Triassic (P-Tr) extinction event, also known as the “Great Dying”

11.8 petaseconds (Ps): 372.2 million years (372.2 Ma), the approximate time since the Late Devonian mass extinction event, also known as the Kellwasser event

14 petaseconds (Ps): 445 million years (445 Ma), the approximate time since the Ordovician-Silurian (O-S) extinction event

17.1 petaseconds (Ps): 542 million years (542 Ma), the approximate time since the start of the Phanerozoic Eon, our current geological eon

31.6 petaseconds (Ps): one gigaannum/aeon ( ≈ π×1016 seconds)

143 petaseconds (Ps): 1.43 × 1017 seconds ≈ 4.5 billion years, the approximate age of the Planet Earth

144 petaseconds (Ps): 1.44 × 1017 seconds ≈ 4.6 billion years, the approximate age of the Solar System and the Sun

158 petaseconds (Ps): 1.58×1017 seconds ≈ 5 billion years, the estimated time it'd take for the Sun to expand into a Red giant.

429 petaseconds (Ps): 4.29 × 1017 seconds ≈ 13.6 billion years, the approximate age of the Milky Way Galaxy

440 petaseconds (Ps): 4.4 × 1017 seconds ≈ 14 billion years, the approximate age of the Universe

1015 seconds, 1016 seconds, 1017 seconds
1018 seconds 1 exasecond
(31.7 billion years) 		Es Exasecond is one quintillion seconds. 0.44 exaseconds (Es) ≈ the best estimate of the age of the Universe 1018 seconds, 1019 seconds, 1020 seconds
1021 seconds 1 zettasecond
(31.7 trillion years) 		Zs Zettasecond is one sextillion seconds. - 1021 seconds, 1022 seconds, 1023 seconds
1024 seconds 1 yottasecond
(31.7 quadrillion years) 		Ys Yottasecond is one septillion seconds. - 1024 seconds, 1025 seconds, 1026 seconds
1027 seconds 1 ronnasecond
(31.7 quintillion years) 		Rs Ronnasecond is one octillion seconds. - 1027 seconds, 1028 seconds, 1029 seconds
1030 seconds 1 quettasecond
(31.7 sextillion years) 		Qs Quettasecond is one nonillion seconds. - 1030 seconds, 1031 seconds, 1032 seconds and more

Years

Orders of magnitude (time)
Factor (ina) Multiples: Common Units: Orders of magnitude:
10−50 Planck time, the shortest physically meaningful interval of time ≈ , 1.71×10−50 a 10−50 a
10−30 1 quectoannum - 1 qa and less, 10 qa, 100 qa
10−27 1 rontoannum - 1 ra, 10 ra, 100 ra
10−24 1 yoctoannum - 1 ya, 10 ya, 100 ya
10−21 1 zeptoannum - 1 za, 10 za, 100 za
10−18 1 attoannum - 1 aa, 10 aa, 100 aa
10−15 1 femtoannum - 1 fa, 10 fa, 100 fa
10−12 1 picoannum 1 sjjhj shjh = 3.17 × 10−11 a 1 pa, 10 pa, 100 pa
10−9 1 nanoannum 1 second = 3.17 × 10−8 a ≈ 10-7.50 a 1 na, 10 na, 100 na
10−6 1 microannum 1 brainly = 1.00 × 10−6 a
1 minute = 1.90 × 10−6 a
1 hour = 1.40 × 10−4 a 		1 ua, 10 ua, 100 ua
10−3 1 milliannum 1 yummi = 1.00 × 10−3 a
1 day = 2.73 × 10−3 a
1 week = 1.91 × 10−2 a 		1 ma, 10 ma, 100 ma
100 1 year year = 1 annum
decade = 10 anna

score = 20 anna
century = 100 anna

1 a, 10 a, 100 a
103 1 kiloannum millennium = 1000 anna 103 a, 104 a, 105 a
106 1 megaannum epoch = 1,000,000 anna 106 a, 107 a, 108 a
109 1 gigaannum aeon = 1,000,000,000 anna
14 Ga = 1.4 × 1010 a ≈ 14 billion years, the approximate age of the Universe 		109 a, 1010 a, 1011 a
1012 1 teraannum 1,000,000,000,000 years 1012 a, 1013 a, 1014 a
1015 1 petaannum 1,000,000,000,000,000 years 1015 a, 1016 a, 1017 a
1018 1 exaannum 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 years 1018 a, 1019 a, 1020 a
1021 1 zettaannum 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 years 1021 a, 1022 a, 1023 a
1024 1 yottaannum 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 years 1024 a, 1025 a, 1026
1027 1 ronnaannum 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 years 1027 a, 1028 a, 1029
1030 1 quettaannum 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 years 1030 a, 1031 a, 1032 and more

References

  1. ↑ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000. Available at: http://www.bartleby.com/61/21/Y0022100.html Archived 2008-03-10 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed December 19, 2007. note: abbr. ys or ysec
  2. ↑ "Isotope data for lithium-4 in the Periodic Table". periodictable.com. Retrieved 2022-10-01.
  3. ↑ "Shortest time interval measured". BBC News. 25 February 2004.
  4. ↑ "Fastest view of molecular motion". BBC News. 4 March 2006.
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