Enrique Peña Nieto

In this article, the first or paternal family name is Peña and the second or maternal family name is Nieto.
Enrique Peña Nieto
Official portrait, 2012
64th President of Mexico
In office
1 December 2012 – 30 November 2018
Preceded byFelipe Calderón
Succeeded byAndrés Manuel López Obrador
President pro tempore
of the Pacific Alliance
In office
20 June 2014 – 3 July 2015
Preceded byJuan Manuel Santos
Succeeded byOllanta Humala
Governor of the State of Mexico
In office
16 September 2005 – 15 September 2011
Preceded byArturo Montiel Rojas
Succeeded byEruviel Ávila Villegas
Member of the
Congress of the State of Mexico
from the 13th district
In office
5 September 2003 – 14 January 2005
Preceded byArturo Osornio Sánchez
Succeeded byJesús Alcántara Núñez
Secretary of Administration of the State of Mexico
In office
11 May 2000 – 4 December 2002
GovernorArturo Montiel Rojas
Preceded byErnesto Nemer Álvarez
Succeeded byLuis Miranda Nava
Personal details
Born
Enrique Peña Nieto

(1966-07-20) 20 July 1966
Atlacomulco, State of Mexico, Mexico
Political partyInstitutional Revolutionary Party
Spouse(s)
Mónica Pretelini
​
​
(m. 1993; died 2007)​
​
​
(m. 2010; div. 2019)​
Children4
ParentsGilberto Enrique Peña del Mazo
María Socorro Nieto Sánchez
EducationPanamerican University (LLB)
Monterrey Institute of Technology and Higher Education (MBA)
Signature

Enrique Peña Nieto OMRI CYC GCB (es; born 20 July 1966), better known as EPN, is a Mexican former politician and lawyer who served as the 64th president of Mexico from 2012 to 2018. A member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party, he previously was Governor of the State of Mexico from 2005 to 2011, local deputy from 2003 to 2004, and Secretary of Administration from 2000 to 2002.

Early life and education

Enrique Peña Nieto was born on 20 July 1966 in Atlacomulco, State of Mexico, a city 55 miles (89 km) northwest of Mexico City.[1] He is the oldest of four siblings; his father, Gilberto Enrique Peña del Mazo, was an electrical engineer; his mother, María del Perpetuo Socorro Ofelia Nieto Sánchez, was a schoolteacher.[1] He is the nephew of two former governors of the State of México: on his mother's side, Arturo Montiel; on his father's, Alfredo del Mazo González.[2][3] He attended Denis Hall School in Alfred, Maine, during one year of junior high school in 1979 to learn English.[1] After living in Atlacomulco for the first 11 years of his life, Peña Nieto's family moved to the city of Toluca.[4]

In 1975, his father often took him to the campaign rallies of the State of Mexico's governor, Jorge Jiménez Cantú, a close friend of Peña del Mazo. The governor's successor was Alfredo del Mazo González, a cousin of Peña Nieto's father. During Del Mazo González's campaign in 1982, the fifteen-year-old Peña Nieto had his first direct contact with Mexican politics: he began delivering campaign literature in favor of his relative, a memory Peña Nieto recalls as the turning point and start of his deep interest in politics.

In 1985 at the age of 18, Peña Nieto traveled to Mexico City and enrolled in the Panamerican University, where he earned a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in legal studies.[5] Peña Nieto's academic thesis was found to contain some improper citations and plagiarism, which stirred controversy in May 2016.[6][7] Peña Nieto sought a master's degree in Business Administration (MBA) at the Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (ITESM),[8][9] based in the State of Mexico.

Political beginnings

Peña Nieto joined the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) in 1984, and with a law degree nearly completed, he began earning his own money.[10] During his final years in college, Peña Nieto worked for a public notary in Mexico City, around the same time his relative Alfredo del Mazo González was mentioned as a firm candidate for the 1988 presidential elections.[10] In his twenties, he worked at the San Luis Industrial Corporation, an auto parts manufacturer, and the law firm Laffan, Muse, and Kaye. While still a student at the Universidad Panamericana, he roomed with Eustaquio de Nicolás, the current president of Homex, a leading Mexican construction and real estate company. He also befriended and roomed with Luis Miranda, who occupied several offices during the 1999–2000 administration in the State of Mexico.[10]

Peña Nieto formally started his political career under the mentorship of Montiel Rojas, becoming the Secretary of the Citizen Movement of Zone I of the State Directive Committee of the National Confederation of Popular Organizations (CNOP), one of the three sectors of the PRI. For three consecutive years, Peña Nieto participated as a delegate to the Organization and Citizen Front in different municipalities of the State of Mexico. Then, between 1993 and 1998, during Emilio Chuayfett's term as governor, Peña Nieto was chief of staff and personal secretary to Montiel Rojas, the Secretary of Economic Development of the State of Mexico.[10]

After 1999, Peña Nieto went from having low-level secretary positions to higher and more qualified offices.[11] He served from 1999 to 2000 as the sub-secretary of government,[12] and as financial sub-coordinator of the political campaign of Montiel Rojas.[10] In 2001, Montiel Rojas named Peña Nieto Sub-secretary of Interior in the State of Mexico, a position that granted him the opportunity to meet and forge relationships with top PRI politicians and business leaders. After his term concluded, he served as the administrative secretary, president of the Directive Council of Social Security, president of the Internal Council of Health, and vice president of the National System for Integral Family Development – all in the State of Mexico.[11] Under the wing of Montiel Rojas, Peña Nieto formed a group known as the "Golden Boys of Atlacomulco" with other members of the PRI.[13]

Campaign for Governor

Peña Nieto was elected to a local deputy position in his hometown of Atlacomulco, State of Mexico, in 2003.[14][15] Two years later, the governorship of the State of Mexico was sought by Atlacomulco-natives Carlos Hank Rhon, Isidro Pastor, Héctor Luna de la Vega, Guillermo González Martínez, Óscar Gustavo Cárdenas Monroy, Eduardo Bernal Martínez, Cuauhtémoc García Ortega and Fernando Alberto García Cuevas.[15] Peña Nieto was among the crowd but was not poised as one of the favorites.[15] Nonetheless, in 2005, Peña Nieto was the last man standing, succeeding Montiel Rojas as governor of the State of Mexico.[16] On 12 February 2005, with 15,000 supporters in attendance, he was sworn in as a candidate for the PRI.[17]

Governor of the State of Mexico (2005–2011)

On 15 September 2005, Peña Nieto was sworn in as governor of the State of Mexico at the Morelos Theater in Toluca. Among the attendees were the outgoing governor, Arturo Montiel; the president of the Superior Court of Justice, José Castillo Ambriz; former governors, members of Peña Nieto's cabinet and party; mayors, businessmen, and church figures.[18] The centerpiece of Peña Nieto's governorship was his claim that he was to deliver his compromisos – 608 promises he signed in front of a notary to convince voters that he would deliver results and be an effective leader.[19] According to El Universal, during Peña Nieto's first year as governor, his administration delivered 10 of the structural promises he had advocated in his campaign – marking the lowest figure in his six-year term.[20]

By 2006, his administration carried out 141 promised projects, making that year the most active in the governor's term. The 608 projects Peña Nieto proposed included creating highways, building hospitals, and creating adequate water systems to provide fresh water throughout the state. The most important was highway infrastructure, which tripled under Peña's government. By mid-2011, the official page of the State of Mexico noted that only two projects were left.[20] The major projects in public transportation were the Suburban Railway of the Valley of Mexico Metropolitan Area and the "Mexibús," both of which served commuters between Mexico City and the State of Mexico, providing service to more than 300,000 people every day and 100 million a year. Regarding public health services, 196 hospitals and medical centers were built throughout the state, and the number of mobile units used to attend remote and vulnerable areas doubled.[21] Deaths caused by respiratory diseases were reduced by 55%, while deaths caused by dysentery and cervical cancer were reduced by 68% and 25% respectively. In addition, between 2005 and 2011, the State of Mexico was able to fulfill the requirement of the World Health Organization of having one doctor for every 1,000 inhabitants. The funds for these and all the other commitments were obtained through restructuring the state's public debt, a strategy designed by his first Secretary of Finance, Luis Videgaray Caso. The restructuring also managed to keep the debt from increasing during Peña Nieto's term because the tax base was broadened to the point that it doubled in six years.[21]

Peña Nieto also claimed that he halved the murder rate in the State of Mexico during his time as governor,[22] but retracted this claim after The Economist showed that the murder rate did not diminish and was being measured differently.[23]

The Yo Soy 132 student movement criticized Peña Nieto for his stance on the San Salvador Atenco unrest, which occurred during his term as governor.[24] A report from the National Human Rights Commission (CNDH) stated protestors were subjected to cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment, arbitrary arrests, and sexual assault, and remarked on the excessive use of force by state and federal police.[25][26] Peña Nieto stated in an interview that he does not justify the actions of the state and municipal forces, but also mentioned that they were not gladly received by the citizens of San Salvador Atenco upon their arrival.[24][27]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Archibold, Randal C.; Zabludovsky, Karla (3 July 2012). "Enrique Peña Nieto". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
  2. ↑ Estevez, Dolia (16 December 2013). "The 10 Most Corrupt Mexicans of 2013". Forbes. Retrieved 21 September 2022.
  3. ↑ "Lo que (quizá) no sabes de Enrique Peña Nieto". 18 May 2012.
  4. ↑ Becerril, Andrés (30 April 2012). "Enrique Peña Nieto, su hoja de vida: pulcro y protegido". Excélsior (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 14 September 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
  5. ↑ Becerril, Andrés (1 May 2012). "Enrique Peña Nieto, su hoja de vida: despertar político". Excélsior (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 14 September 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
  6. ↑ "Mexican president Pena Nieto plagiarized law thesis, report says". Reuters. 22 August 2016.
  7. ↑ Reyes, Juan Pablo (20 May 2012). "Por sus tesis los conoceréis". Excélsior (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 14 September 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
  8. ↑ "Enrique Peña Nieto: La cara joven del viejo PRI". Terra Networks (in Spanish). June 2012. Archived from the original on 11 October 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
  9. ↑ Biography Enrique Peña Nieto Archived 1 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine – website of the President of Mexico
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Becerril, Andrés (2 May 2012). "Enrique Peña Nieto, su hoja de vida: echado pa'delante". Excélsior (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 14 September 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Becerril, Andrés (3 May 2012). "Enrique Peña Nieto, su hoja de vida: un despegue firme" (in Spanish). Telenews. Archived from the original on 19 August 2014. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
  12. ↑ Lantigua, Isabel F. "Enrique Peña Nieto". El Mundo (in Spanish). Retrieved 17 July 2012.
  13. ↑ Wilkinson, Tracy (9 July 2012). "Mexico's Enrique Peña Nieto, man of mystery". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 10 July 2012.
  14. ↑ "Enrique Peña Nieto: ¿Quién es? Se convierte en diputado" (in Spanish). MSN. 2 July 2012. Archived from the original on 9 July 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 Balderas, Óscar (2 July 2012). "Enrique Peña Nieto regresa al PRI a la Presidencia de México". ADN Político (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 5 July 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
  16. ↑ Graham, Dave (2 July 2012). "REFILE-PROFILE-Enrique Pena Nieto, the new face of Mexico's old rulers". Reuters. Archived from the original on 13 January 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
  17. ↑ "Rinde protesta el candidato del PRI a la gubernatura del estado de México". El Universal (in Spanish). 3 February 2005. Archived from the original on 12 October 2012. Retrieved 17 July 2012.
  18. ↑ "Seis años atrás: Peña Nieto asumió la gubernatura en el Teatro Morelos". Milenio (in Spanish). 12 September 2011. Retrieved 18 July 2012.
  19. ↑ Lindsay, James M. (2 July 2012). "Hola, Enrique Peña Nieto: President-Elect of Mexico". Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on 17 October 2012. Retrieved 18 July 2012.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 Islas, Laura (31 August 2011). "Los compromisos de Peña Nieto, año por año". El Universal (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 26 May 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2012.
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 Islas, Laura (5 September 2011). "6to Informe. Peña Nieto, los 10 datos claves de su sexenio". El Universal (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 22 October 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2012.
  22. ↑ "Sexto Informe de Gobierno: Enrique Peña Nieto" (PDF) (in Spanish). State of Mexico. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 November 2011. Retrieved 18 July 2012.
  23. ↑ "Crime in Mexico: The governor's miraculous achievement". The Economist. 22 September 2011. Retrieved 18 July 2012.
  24. ↑ 24.0 24.1 Zapata, Belén (4 June 2012). "Atenco, el tema que 'encendió' a la Ibero y originó #YoSoy132" (in Spanish). CNNMéxico. Archived from the original on 28 June 2012. Retrieved 18 July 2012.
  25. ↑ "CNDH Recommendation 28/2006: Violence in Texcoco and San Salvador Atenco". Archived from the original on 2006-11-07. Retrieved 2006-10-17.
  26. ↑ "CNDH pide reparar daño por operativos de Atenco", El Universal, 17 October 2006.
  27. ↑ "Justifica Peña Nieto uso de la fuerza en Atenco". Esmas.com (in Spanish). 14 May 2006. Archived from the original on 2 July 2012. Retrieved 18 July 2012.
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