Gendered racism

Gendered racism is a form of oppression that happens due to false beliefs related to race and gender.[1]

Overview

Racism is used to divide people into "superior" (better than others) and "inferior" (worse than others) ones to make excuses for mistreating certain ethnic groups. Sexism is the bias, prejudice or discrimination against someone of either sex, typically against women.[1] As a hybrid, gendered racism is related to racially biased views of masculinity and femininity,[1] e.g. bias against women of a certain ethnic group based on their customs.

Origin

Gendered racism was coined[2] by Dutch-Surinamese sociologist Philomena Essed (1955 ‒ ) to refer to women facing racism and sexism at the same time. Essed said,

Racism and sexism intertwine and combine under certain conditions into one hybrid phenomenon.

Issues

Those subject to gendered racism often find it hard to know whether others are biased against them because of their race or gender, or both.[1] Nevertheless, both the race and gender of a person is said to intersect to form his or her identity. The person's lived experience is sometimes analyzed based on both his or her race and gender.[1]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
    • Anderson, M.L., & Collins, P.H. (2004). Race, class, and gender: An anthology (5th ed.) Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thompson
    • Erving, C.L., Williams, T.R., Frierson, W., & Derisse, M. (2022). Gendered racial microaggressions, psychosocial resources, and depressive symptoms among Black women attending a historically Black university. Society and Mental Health, 12(3), 230–47. https://doi.org/10.1177/21568693221115766
    • Essed, P. (1991). Understanding everyday racism: An interdisciplinary theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
    • Lewis, J., Mendenhall, R., Harwood, S., & Browne Huntt, M. (2013). Coping with Gendered Racial Microaggressions among Black Women College Students. Journal of African American Studies, 17(1), 51–73. doi:10.1007/s12111-012-9219-0
    • Thomas, A. J., Witherspoon, K. M., & Speight, S. L. (2008). Gendered racism, psychological distress, and coping styles of African American women. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 14(4), 307.
    • Wingfield, A. H. (2007). The modern mammy and the angry black man: African American professionals' experiences with gendered racism in the workplace. Race, Gender & Class, 196–212.
  2. ↑ Invent (a new word or phrase). Oxford Languages.
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