List of rulers of Madagascar
This is a list of rulers and office-holders of Madagascar.
Kingdom of Imerina
Below is a list of the line of Merina monarchs that ruled in the Central Highlands of Madagascar and from whom were issued the first true.Template:Copy edit inline
- Andrianerinerina* (Son of God incarnate. According to popular belief, descended from the skies and established his kingdom at Anerinerina)
- Andriananjavonana*
- Andrianamponga I*
- Andrianamboniravina*
- Andriandranolava (Andranolava)*
- Andrianampandrandrandava (Rafandrandrava)*
- Andriamasindohafandrana (Ramasindohafandrana)*
- Rafandrampohy*
- Andriampandramanenitra (Rafandramanenitra)*
- Queen Rangita (Rangitamanjakatrimovavy) (1520–1530)
- Queen Rafohy (1530–1540)
- King Andriamanelo (1540–1575)
- King Ralambo (1575–1612)
- King Andrianjaka (1612–1630)
- King Andriantsitakatrandriana (1630–1650)
- King Andriantsimitoviaminandriandehibe (1650–1670)
- King Andrianjaka Razakatsitakatrandriana (1670–1675)
- King Andriamasinavalona (Andrianjakanavalondambo) (1675–1710)
- King Andriantsimitoviaminiandriana Andriandrazaka (Andriantsimitoviaminandriandrazaka) (1710–1730)
- King Andriambelomasina (1730–1770)
- King Andrianjafynandriamanitra (Andrianjafinjanahary or Andrianjafy) (1770–1787)
- King Andrianampoinimerina (1787–1810)
Monarchs of the Kingdom of Madagascar (1810–1897)
| Name | Lifespan | Reign start | Reign end | Notes | Family | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Radama I
| 1793 – 27 July 1828 (aged 35) | 6 July 1810 | 27 July 1828 | Son of Andrianampoinimerina | Merina | |
| Ranavalona I | 1778 – 16 August 1861 (aged 83) | 1 August 1828 | 16 August 1861 | Wife of Radama I | Merina | |
| Radama II | 23 September 1829 – 12 May 1863 (aged 33) | 16 August 1861 | 12 May 1863 (murdered) | Son of Ranavalona I | Merina | |
| Rasoherina | 1814 – 1 April 1868 (aged 54) | 12 May 1863 | 1 April 1868 | Wife of Radama II | Merina | |
| Ranavalona II | 1829 – 13 July 1883 (aged 54) | 1 April 1868 | 13 July 1883 | Wife of Radama II | Merina | |
| Ranavalona III | 22 November 1861 – 23 May 1917 (aged 55) | 30 July 1883 | 28 February 1897 (deposed) | Niece of Ranavalona II | Merina |
After the fall
After the fall of the Royal House, and the death of the last ruling Sovereign, Queen Ranavalona III's heir apparent, Princess Marie-Louise of Madagascar, remained. She died childless in 1948
List of rulers of French Madagascar
Malagasy Protectorate (1882–1897)
| Incumbent | Tenure |
|---|---|
| Léon Frédéric Hubert Metzinger | 1 May 1895 — 6 May 1895 |
| Jacques Charles René Achille Duchesne | 6 May 1895 —
1895 |
| Émile Jean François Régis Voyron | 1895 — 1895 |
| Joseph Simon Gallieni | 1895 — 1886 |
| Charles Le Myre de Vilers, Plenipotentiary | 28 April 1886 to March 1888 |
| Paul Augustin Jean Larrouy, Resident-General | March 1888 to 12 December 1889 |
| Maurice Bompard, Resident-General | 12 December 1889 to 11 October 1891 |
| Jean Aurélien Lacoste, Acting Resident-General | 11 October 1891 to October 1892 |
| Paul Augustin Jean Larrouy, Resident-General | October 1892 to 8 September 1894 |
| Albert d'Anthouard de Waservas, Acting Resident-General | October 1894 |
| Charles Le Myre de Vilers, Plenipotentiary | 14 October 1894 to 1 December 1895 |
| Achille Ranchot, Acting Resident-General | September 1894 to 21 February 1895 |
| Robert Édouard Alphonse Chaloin, Acting Resident-General | February 1895 to 1 December 1895 |
| Hippolyte Laroche, Resident-General | 1 December 1895 to 28 September 1896 |
| Joseph Gallieni, Resident-General | 28 September 1896 to 31 July 1897 |
Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies (1897–1958)
| Incumbent | Tenure |
|---|---|
| Joseph Gallieni, Military Governor (6 Aug. 1896 to 31 Jul. 1897) then Governor-General (31 Jul. 1897 to 11 May 1905) | 6 August 1896 to 11 May 1905 |
| Charles Louis Lépreux, Acting Governor-General | 11 May 1905 to 1 January 1906 |
| Victor Augagneur, Governor-General | 1 January 1906 to 13 December 1909 |
| Hubert Auguste Garbit, Acting Governor-General | 13 December 1909 to 16 January 1910 |
| Henri François Charles Cor, Acting Governor-General | 16 January 1910 to 31 October 1910 |
| Albert Jean George Marie Louis Picquié, Governor-General | 31 October 1910 to 5 August 1914 |
| Hubert Auguste Garbit, Governor-General | 5 August 1914 to 24 July 1917 |
| Martial Henri Merlin, Governor-General | 24 July 1917 to 1 August 1918 |
| Abraham Schrameck, Governor-General | 1 August 1918 to 12 July 1919 |
| Marie Casimir Joseph Guyon, Acting Governor-General | 12 July 1919 to 22 June 1920 |
| Hubert Auguste Garbit, Governor-General | 22 June 1920 to 13 March 1923 |
| Auguste Charles Désiré Emmanuel Brunet, Acting Governor-General | 13 March 1923 to 20 February 1924 |
| Marcel Achille Olivier, Governor-General | 20 February 1924 to 30 January 1929 |
| Hugues Jean Berthier, Acting Governor-General | 30 January 1929 to 1 May 1930 |
| Léon Henri Charles Cayla, Governor-General | 1 May 1930 to 22 April 1939 |
| Léon Maurice Valentin Réallon, Acting Governor-General | 22 April 1939 to 10 June 1939 |
| Jules Marcel de Coppet, Governor-General | 10 June 1939 to 30 July 1940 |
| Léon Henri Charles Cayla, Governor-General | 30 July 1940 to 11 April 1941 |
| Armand Léon Annet, Governor-General | 11 April 1941 to 30 September 1942 |
| Robert Grice Sturges, Commander | 5 May 1942 to 11 October 1942 |
| Gerald Russell Smallwood, Commander | 11 October 1942 to 1945 |
| Anthony Sillery, Occupied Territories Administrator | 25 September 1942 to 7 January 1943 |
| Victor Marius Bech, Acting Governor-General | 30 September 1942 to 7 January 1943 |
| Paul Louis Victor Marie Legentilhomme, High Commissioner of Free French Possessions in the Indian Ocean | 7 January 1943 to 3 May 1943 |
| Pierre de Saint-Mart, Governor-General | 3 May 1943 to 27 March 1946 |
| Robert Boudry, Acting Governor-General | 27 March 1946 to 19 May 1946 |
| Jules Marcel de Coppet, High Commissioner | 19 May 1946 to 23 December 1947 |
| Pierre Gabriel de Chevigné, High Commissioner | February 1948 to 3 February 1950 |
| Robert Isaac Bargues, High Commissioner | 3 February 1950 to October 1954 |
| Jean Louis Marie André Soucadaux, High Commissioner | October 1954 to 1 May 1959 |
List of officeholders
(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)
| No. | Portrait | Name
(Birth–Death) |
Elected | Term of office | Political party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | |||||
| 1 | Philibert Tsiranana
(1912–1978) |
— | 1 May 1959 | 26 June 1960 | PSD | |
| (1) | Philibert Tsiranana
(1912–1978) |
1965
1972 |
26 June 1960 | 11 October 1972
(resigned.) |
PSD | |
| 2 | André Resampa
(1924 — 1993) |
26 June 1970 | 2 July 1970 | Independent | ||
| 3 | Alfred Ramangasoavina
( 1917 — 1989) |
2 July 1970 | 21 July 1970 | Independent | ||
| 4 | Philibert Raondry
( 1899 — 1990) |
21 July 1970 | 23 July 1970 | Independent | ||
| 5 | Jacques Rabemananjara
(1913 — 2005) |
23 July 1970 | 25 July 1970 | Independent | ||
| 6 | Calvin Tsiebo
( 1902 — 2008) |
5 October 1970 | 7 October 1970 | Independent | ||
| 7 | Victor Miadana
( 1920— 2002) |
7 October 1970 | 9 October 1970 | Independent | ||
| 8 | Eugène Lechat
( 1929 — 1998) |
9 October 1970 | 11 October 1970 | Independent | ||
| 1 | Philibert Tsiranana
( 1912 — 1978) |
11 October 1970 | 11 October 1972 | Independent | ||
| 9 | Gabriel Ramanantsoa
(1906–1979) |
1972
(referendum) |
11 October 1972 | 5 February 1975
(resigned.) |
Military | |
| 10 | Richard Ratsimandrava
(1931–1975) |
— | 5 February 1975 | 11 February 1975
(assassinated.) |
Military | |
| 11 | Gilles Andriamahazo
(1919–1989) |
— | 12 February 1975 | 15 June 1975 | Military | |
| 12 | Didier Ratsiraka
(1936–) |
— | 15 June 1975 | 30 December 1975 | Military | |
| 12 | Didier Ratsiraka
(1936–) |
1982
1989 |
30 December 1975 | 12 January 1992 | Military /
AREMA | |
| (12) | Didier Ratsiraka
(1936–) |
— | 12 January 1992 | 27 March 1993 | AREMA | |
| 13 | Albert Zafy
(1927–2017) |
1992–93 | 27 March 1993 | 5 September 1996
(resigned.) |
UNDD | |
| 14 | Norbert Ratsirahonana
(1938–) |
— | 5 September 1996 | 9 February 1997 | AVI | |
| (12) | Didier Ratsiraka
(1936–) |
1996 | 9 February 1997 | (25 February 2002)
15 July 2002 |
AREMA | |
| 15 | Marc Ravalomanana
(1949–) |
2001
2006 |
(22 February 2002)
15 July 2002 |
17 March 2009
(deposed.) |
TIM | |
| 16 | Hyppolite Ramaroson
(1951–) |
— | 17 March 2009 | Military | ||
| 17 | Andry Rajoelina (born 1974) |
— | (7 February 2009) 17 March 2009 |
25 January 2014 | TGV | |
| 18 | Hery Rajaonarimampianina (born 1958) |
2013 | 25 January 2014 | 7 September 2018 | HVM | |
| 19 | Rivo Rakotovao (born 1960) |
— | 7 September 2018 | 19 January 2019 | HVM | |
| 17 | Andry Rajoelina (born 1974) |
2018 | 19 January 2019 | 9 September 2023 | TGV | |
| 20 | Herimanana Razafimahefa (born 1957) |
— | 9 September 2023 | 9 September 2023 | TGV | |
| 21 | Council of Ministers Prime Minister: Christian Ntsay (born 1961) |
— | 9 September 2023 | 27 October 2023 | Independent | |
| 22 | Richard Ravalomanana (born 1959) |
— | 27 October 2023 | 16 December 2023 | Independent | |
| 17 | Andry Rajoelina (born 1974) |
2023 | 16 December 2023 | Incumbent | TGV | |
First ladies of Madagascar
| Name | Portrait | Term Began | Term Ended |
|---|---|---|---|
| Justine Tsiranana | June 26, 1960 | October 11, 1972 | |
| Marcelle Larguier | October 11, 1972 | February 5, 1975 | |
| Thérèse Ratsimandrava | February 5, 1975 | February 11, 1975 | |
| Céline Ratsiraka | June 15, 1975 | March 27, 1993 | |
| Thérèse Zafy | March 27, 1993 | September 5, 1996 | |
| Sahondra Rakotondravaly Ratsirahonana | September 5, 1996 | February 9, 1997 | |
| Céline Ratsiraka | February 9, 1997 | May 6, 2002 | |
| Lalao Ravalomanana | May 6, 2002 | March 17, 2009 | |
| Mialy Rajoelina | March 17, 2009 | January 25, 2014 | |
| Voahangy Rajaonarimampianina | January 25, 2014 | September 7, 2018 | |
| Mialy Rajoelina | January 19, 2019 | September 9, 2023 | |
| Mialy Rajoelina | December 16, 2023 | Incumbent |
vice president
The vice president of Madagascar was a political position in Madagascar during the era of Malagasy Republic.
| Position | Name | Took office | Left office |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vice President | Philibert Raondry | May 1959 | June 1960 |
| Vice President | Calvin Tsiebo | June 1960 | October 1970 |
| 1st Vice President | André Resampa | October 1970 | February 1971 |
| 1st Vice President | Calvin Tsiebo | February 1971 | October 1972 |
| 2nd Vice President | Jacques Rabemananjara | February 1971 | May 1972 |
| 3rd Vice President | Victor Miadana | February 1971 | May 1972 |
| 4th Vice President | Alfred Ramangasoavina | February 1971 | May 1972 |
| 5th Vice President | Eugène Lechat | February 1971 | May 1972 |
List
| No. | Portrait | Name (Birth–Death) |
Term of office | Political party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Took office | Left office | ||||
| 1 | Andriamihaja (died 1833) |
1828 | 1833 | Independent | |
| 2 | Rainiharo (died 1852) |
1833 | 10 February 1852 (died in office.) |
Independent | |
| 3 | Rainivoninahitriniony (1821–1869) |
10 February 1852 | 14 July 1864 (deposed.) |
Independent | |
| 4 | Rainilaiarivony (1828–1896) |
1864 | 1895 | Independent | |
| 5 | Rainitsimbazafy | 15 October 1895 | September 1896 | Independent | |
| 6 | Rasanjy (1851–1918) |
September 1896 | February 1897 | Independent | |
| Post abolished (February 1897 – 27 May 1957) | |||||
| 7 | Philibert Tsiranana (1912–1978) |
27 May 1957 | 14 October 1958 | PSD | |
| (7) | Philibert Tsiranana (1912–1978) |
14 October 1958 | 1 May 1959 | PSD | |
| Post abolished (1 May 1959 – 26 June 1960) | |||||
| Post abolished (26 June 1960 – 18 May 1972) | |||||
| 8 | Gabriel Ramanantsoa (1906–1979) |
18 May 1972 | 5 February 1975 (resigned.) |
Military | |
| Post abolished (5 February 1975 – 30 December 1975) | |||||
| Post abolished (30 December 1975 – 11 January 1976) | |||||
| 9 | Joël Rakotomalala (1929–1976) |
11 January 1976 | 30 July 1976 (died in office.) |
AREMA | |
| 10 | Justin Rakotoniaina (1933–2001) |
12 August 1976 | 1 August 1977 | AREMA | |
| 11 | Désiré Rakotoarijaona (born 1934) |
1 August 1977 | 12 February 1988 | Military | |
| 12 | Victor Ramahatra (born 1945) |
12 February 1988 | 8 August 1991 | Military | |
| 13 | Guy Razanamasy (1928–2011) |
8 August 1991 | 12 September 1991 | AREMA | |
| (13) | Guy Razanamasy (1928–2011) |
12 September 1991 | 9 August 1993 | AREMA | |
| 14 | Francisque Ravony (1942–2003) |
9 August 1993 | 30 October 1995 | CSDDM | |
| 15 | Emmanuel Rakotovahiny (1938–2020) |
30 October 1995 | 28 May 1996 | UNDD | |
| 16 | Norbert Ratsirahonana (born 1938) |
28 May 1996 | 21 February 1997 | AVI | |
| 17 | Pascal Rakotomavo (1934–2010) |
21 February 1997 | 23 July 1998 | AREMA | |
| 18 | Tantely Andrianarivo (1954–2023) |
23 July 1998 | 31 May 2002[a] | AREMA | |
| 19 | Jacques Sylla (1946–2009) |
(26 February 2002) 27 May 2002 |
20 January 2007 | Independent | |
| — | Jean-Jacques Rasolondraibe (born 1947) |
31 May 2002 | 5 July 2002 | AREMA | |
| 20 | Charles Rabemananjara (born 1947) |
20 January 2007 | 17 March 2009 (deposed.) |
TIM | |
| 21 | Monja Roindefo (born 1965) |
(7 February 2009) 17 March 2009 |
10 October 2009 (13 November 2009) |
Monima | |
| 22 | Eugène Mangalaza (born 1950) |
10 October 2009 | 18 December 2009 | Independent | |
| — | Cécile Manorohanta | 18 December 2009 | 20 December 2009 | TGV | |
| 23 | Albert Camille Vital (born 1952) |
20 December 2009 | 2 November 2011 | Military | |
| 24 | Omer Beriziky (born 1950) |
2 November 2011 | 16 April 2014 | LEADER-Fanilo | |
| 25 | Roger Kolo (born 1943) |
16 April 2014 | 17 January 2015 | Independent | |
| 26 | Jean Ravelonarivo (born 1959) |
17 January 2015 | 10 April 2016 | Independent | |
| 27 | Olivier Mahafaly Solonandrasana (born 1964) |
13 April 2016 | 6 June 2018 | Independent | |
| 28 | Christian Ntsay (born 1961) |
6 June 2018 | Incumbent | Independent | |
Colonial Governors
| Tenure | Incumbent | Portrait |
|---|---|---|
| Malagasy Protectorate (1882–1897) | ||
| 28 April 1886 to March 1888 | Charles Le Myre de Vilers, Plenipotentiary |
|
| March 1888 to 12 December 1889 | Paul Augustin Jean Larrouy, Resident-General |
|
| 12 December 1889 to 11 October 1891 | Maurice Bompard, Resident-General |
|
| 11 October 1891 to October 1892 | Jean Aurélien Lacoste, Acting Resident-General |
|
| October 1892 to 8 September 1894 | Paul Augustin Jean Larrouy, Resident-General |
|
| October 1894 | Albert d'Anthouard de Waservas, Acting Resident-General |
|
| 14 October 1894 to 1 December 1895 | Charles Le Myre de Vilers, Plenipotentiary |
|
| September 1894 to 21 February 1895 | Achille Ranchot, Acting Resident-General |
|
| February 1895 to 1 December 1895 | Robert Édouard Alphonse Chaloin, Acting Resident-General |
|
| 1 December 1895 to 28 September 1896 | Hippolyte Laroche, Resident-General |
|
| 28 September 1896 to 31 July 1897 | Joseph Gallieni, Resident-General |
|
| Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies (1897–1958) | ||
| 6 August 1896 to 31 July 1897 | Joseph Gallieni, Military Governor |
|
| 31 July 1897 to 11 May 1905 | Joseph Gallieni, Governor-General | |
| 11 May 1905 to 1 January 1906 | Charles Louis Lépreux, Acting Governor-General |
|
| 1 January 1906 to 13 December 1909 | Victor Augagneur, Governor-General |
|
| 13 December 1909 to 16 January 1910 | Hubert Auguste Garbit, Acting Governor-General |
|
| 16 January 1910 to 31 October 1910 | Henri François Charles Cor, Acting Governor-General |
|
| 31 October 1910 to 5 August 1914 | Albert Jean George Marie Louis Picquié, Governor-General |
|
| 5 August 1914 to 14 October 1914 | Hubert Auguste Garbit, Acting Governor-General |
|
| 14 October 1914 to 24 July 1917 | Hubert Auguste Garbit, Governor-General | |
| 24 July 1917 to 1 August 1918 | Martial Henri Merlin, Governor-General |
|
| 1 August 1918 to 12 July 1919 | Abraham Schrameck, Governor-General |
|
| 12 July 1919 to 22 June 1920 | Marie Casimir Joseph Guyon, Acting Governor-General |
|
| 22 June 1920 to 13 March 1923 | Hubert Auguste Garbit, Governor-General |
|
| 13 March 1923 to 20 February 1924 | Auguste Charles Désiré Emmanuel Brunet, Acting Governor-General |
|
| 20 February 1924 to 30 January 1929 | Marcel Achille Olivier, Governor-General |
|
| 30 January 1929 to 1 May 1930 | Hugues Jean Berthier, Acting Governor-General |
|
| 1 May 1930 to 22 April 1939 | Léon Henri Charles Cayla, Governor-General |
|
| 22 April 1939 to 10 June 1939 | Léon Maurice Valentin Réallon, Acting Governor-General |
|
| 10 June 1939 to 30 July 1940 | Jules Marcel de Coppet, Governor-General |
|
| 30 July 1940 to 11 April 1941 | Léon Henri Charles Cayla, Governor-General |
|
| 11 April 1941 to 30 September 1942 | Armand Léon Annet, Governor-General |
|
| 5 May 1942 to 11 October 1942 | Robert Sturges, Commander |
|
| 11 October 1942 to 1945 | Gerald Smallwood, Commander |
|
| 25 September 1942 to 7 January 1943 | Anthony Sillery, Occupied Territories Administrator |
|
| 30 September 1942 to 7 January 1943 | Victor Marius Bech, Acting Governor-General |
|
| 7 January 1943 to 3 May 1943 | Paul Louis Victor Marie Legentilhomme, High Commissioner of Free French Possessions in the Indian Ocean |
|
| 3 May 1943 to 27 March 1946 | Pierre de Saint-Mart, Governor-General |
|
| 27 March 1946 to 19 May 1946 | Robert Boudry, Acting Governor-General |
|
| 19 May 1946 to 23 December 1947 | Jules Marcel de Coppet, High Commissioner |
|
| February 1948 to 3 February 1950 | Pierre Gabriel de Chevigné, High Commissioner |
|
| 3 February 1950 to October 1954 | Robert Isaac Bargues, High Commissioner |
|
| October 1954 to 1 May 1959 | Jean Louis Marie André Soucadaux, High Commissioner |
|
See also
- Politics of Madagascar
- List of Imerina monarchs
- List of colonial governors of Madagascar
- Prime Minister of Madagascar
- Vice President of Madagascar
- First Lady of Madagascar
Notes
- ↑ Under house arrest by Ravalomanana from 27 May 2002.