German papiermark

The German Papiermark (often just Papiermark) was the money of the Weimar Republic, from 1919 to 1923. On 15 November 1923 it was replaced by the Rentenmark, and in 1924, the Reichsmark became the official money. In 1914, the Gold standard was abolished; there was the First World War. The period when it was used was marked by a high inflation rate. At some time, the "millions" and billions of Mark were written in words, because there was not enough space on the paper.

The introduction of the Papiermark^[1] came after Germany faced severe economic challenges following World War I, including massive war reparations imposed by the Treaty of Versailles. The government printed large amounts of money to pay its debts, which triggered rapid and uncontrolled inflation. By late 1923, the value of the Papiermark had fallen drastically, leading to the famous hyperinflation crisis where prices could double within hours.

Everyday life was deeply affected: workers were paid daily because salaries quickly lost their value, and citizens often needed wheelbarrows full of banknotes to buy basic goods like bread. Businesses and savings were wiped out, and the middle class suffered enormous financial losses.

To stabilize the economy, the Rentenmark was introduced on 15 November 1923, backed by land and industrial assets rather than gold, restoring confidence in the currency. The subsequent adoption of the Reichsmark in August 1924 replaced the Papiermark permanently and marked the beginning of economic recovery.

The hyperinflation of the Papiermark era remains one of the most dramatic examples of monetary instability in history, illustrating the dangers of uncontrolled money printing and economic mismanagement. It has since become a key case study in economics and history courses worldwide.

• 10 Mark (1920)
• 100 Mark (1920)
• 1000 Mark
  (15. September 1922)
• 10.000 Mark
  (19 January 1922)
• 20.000 Mark
  (20 February 1923)
• 100.000 Mark
  (1 February 1923)
• 20 million Mark
  (18 September 1923)
• 100 million Mark
  (22 August 1923)
• 5 milliard Mark
  (20 October 1923)
• 5 billion Mark
  (1 November 1923)

1. ↑ "About: Papiermark". dbpedia.org. Retrieved 2025-08-18.