Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disorder that can affect multiple organs. The lungs are affected most often (in 9 out of 10 cases in the UK). It is a noncaseating restrictive lung diseasee.

Sarcoidosis
Other namesSarcoïdosis, sarcoid, Besnier–Boeck–Schaumann disease[1]
Chest X-ray showing the typical nodularity of sarcoidosis, predominantly in the hila of the lungs.
Pronunciation
  • sar-koy-DOH-sis
Medical specialtyRheumatology, Immunology
Symptoms
  • Depends on the organ involved[2]
  • Lungs: wheezing, cough, shortness of breath, chest pain[3]
  • Skin: lumps, ulcers, discolored skin[3]
  • Children: weight loss, bone pain, feeling tired[3]
Usual onset20–50 years old
More common in women[4]
DurationFew years to long term[2][5]
CausesUnknown[2]
Risk factorsFamily history[4]
Diagnostic methodBased on symptoms and tissue biopsy[6]
Differential diagnosisTuberculosis, lymphoma, infectious mononucleosis, pulmonary eosinophilia[7]
TreatmentIbuprofen, prednisone, methotrexate[8][9]
PrognosisMortality 1–7%[5]
Frequency1.9 million with interstitial lung disease (2015)[10]
Deaths122,000 with interstitial lung disease (2015)[11]

The cause is not known. Corticosteroids such as prednisone are often used to treat sarcoidosis. In some cases, methotrexate may be also used. Antimalarial drugs have also been used.[12]

Sarcoidosis may involve the brain. If it does, it is called neurosarcoidosis. In some cases, pulmonary fibrosis is a complication of sarcoidosis.

References

  1. ↑ Konstantinidis G (2005). Elsevier's Dictionary of Medicine and Biology: in English, Greek, German, Italian and Latin. Elsevier. p. 1454. ISBN 978-0-08-046012-3.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "What Is Sarcoidosis?". NHLBI. June 14, 2013. Archived from the original on 6 April 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Sarcoidosis?". NHLBI. June 14, 2013. Archived from the original on 7 April 2016. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Who Is at Risk for Sarcoidosis?". NHLBI. June 14, 2013. Archived from the original on 7 April 2016. Retrieved 28 March 2016.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Wijsenbeek MS, Culver DA (December 2015). "Treatment of Sarcoidosis". Clinics in Chest Medicine. 36 (4): 751–67. doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2015.08.015. PMID 26593147.
  6. ↑ Govender P, Berman JS (December 2015). "The Diagnosis of Sarcoidosis". Clinics in Chest Medicine. 36 (4): 585–602. doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2015.08.003. PMID 26593135.
  7. ↑ Ferri FF (2010). Ferri's differential diagnosis: a practical guide to the differential diagnosis of symptoms, signs, and clinical disorders (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Mosby. p. Chapter S. ISBN 978-0-323-07699-9.
  8. ↑ Drent M, Cremers JP, Jansen TL (May 2014). "Pulmonology meets rheumatology in sarcoidosis: a review on the therapeutic approach". Current Opinion in Rheumatology. 26 (3): 276–84. doi:10.1097/bor.0000000000000052. PMID 24614277. S2CID 24353355.
  9. ↑ Judson MA (February 2016). "Corticosteroids in Sarcoidosis". Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America. 42 (1): 119–35, ix. doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2015.08.012. PMID 26611555.
  10. ↑ Vos, Theo; et al. (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282.
  11. ↑ Wang, Haidong; et al. (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281.
  12. ↑ "Sarcoidosis - Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic.
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