Scoliosis
| Scoliosis | |
|---|---|
| Showing of the spine with abnormal curve (in red), with the ribs to either side of the spine in the top section and pelvis located at the bottom, and bones of the leg (in blue) | |
| Pronunciation |
|
| Medical specialty | Orthopedic surgery |
| Symptoms | Sideways curve in the back[2] |
| Usual onset | 10–20 years old[2] |
| Causes | Usually unknown[3] |
| Risk factors | Family history, cerebral palsy, Marfan syndrome, tumors such as neurofibromatosis[2] |
| Diagnostic method | X-ray[2] |
| Treatment | Watchful waiting, bracing, exercises, surgery[2][4] |
| Frequency | 3%[5][6] |
Scoliosis is a medical condition in which the human or animal spine has a sideways curve. The curve is usually S-shaped or C-shaped.[7] In some, the curve is stable. In others, though, it increases over time.[8] Mild scoliosis does not often cause problems. Severe cases, however, can interfere with breathing and can cause pain.
The cause of most cases is unknown. However, it is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Risk factors include having affected family members.
Diagnosis is often confirmed with x-rays.
Scoliosis usually occurs between ages 10 and 20. Males can be affected, although females are more often affected.
References
- ↑ "Scoliosis". Merriam Webster. Archived from the original on 11 August 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 "Questions and Answers about Scoliosis in Children and Adolescents". NIAMS. December 2015. Archived from the original on 25 August 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 "Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis". Genetics Home Reference. September 2013. Archived from the original on 16 August 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2016.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Negrini S, Donzelli S, Aulisa AG, Czaprowski D, Schreiber S, de Mauroy JC, et al. (2018). "2016 SOSORT guidelines: orthopaedic and rehabilitation treatment of idiopathic scoliosis during growth". Scoliosis and Spinal Disorders. 13: 3. doi:10.1186/s13013-017-0145-8. PMC 5795289. PMID 29435499.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Shakil H, Iqbal ZA, Al-Ghadir AH (2014). "Scoliosis: review of types of curves, etiological theories and conservative treatment". Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation. 27 (2): 111–115. doi:10.3233/bmr-130438. PMID 24284269.
- ↑ "Scoliosis - Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment". aans.org. Retrieved 10 February 2022.
- ↑ "Scoliosis in Children and Adolescents". NIAMS. 7 April 2017. Retrieved September 27, 2019.
- ↑ "Adolescent Scoliosis". Genetic Home Reference. Retrieved September 27, 2019.