Semitic root
Semitic Root languages are characterized as a sequence of consonants or "radicals".[1]
Triconsonantal roots
A triliteral or triconsonantal root (Hebrew: שרש תלת-עצורי, šoreš təlat-ʻiṣuri; Arabic: جذر ثلاثي, jiḏr ṯulāṯī; Syriac: ܫܪܫܐ, šeršā) is a root containing a sequence of three consonants.[2]
| Semitological abbreviation | Hebrew name | Arabic name | Morphological category | Hebrew Form | Arabic form | Approximate translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G verb stem | פָּעַל
(קָל) pa‘al (or qal) |
fa‘ala
فَعَلَ (Stem I) |
3rd. masc. sing perfect | kataḇ כתב | kataba كتب | "he wrote" |
| 1st. plur. perfect | kataḇnu כתבנו | katabnā كتبنا | "we wrote" | |||
| 3rd. masc. sing. imperfect | yiḵtoḇ יכתוב | yaktubu يكتب | "he writes, will write" | |||
| 1st. plur. imperfect | niḵtoḇ נכתוב | naktubu نكتب | "we write, will write" | |||
| masc. sing. active participle | koteḇ כותב | kātib كاتب | "writer" | |||
| Š verb stem | הִפְעִיל
hip̄‘il |
af‘ala
أَفْعَلَ (Stem IV) |
3rd. masc. sing perfect | hiḵtiḇ הכתיב | aktaba أكتب | "he dictated" |
| 3rd. masc. sing. imperfect | yaḵtiḇ יכתיב | yuktibu يكتب | "he dictates, will dictate" | |||
| Št(D) verb stem | הִתְפָּעֵל
hitpa‘el |
istaf‘ala
استَفْعَلَ (Stem X) |
3rd. masc. sing perfect | hitkatteḇ התכתב | istaktaba استكتب | "he corresponded" (Hebrew), "he asked (someone) to write (something), had a copy made" (Arabic) |
| 3rd. masc. sing. imperfect | yitkatteḇ יתכתב | yastaktibu يستكتب | (imperfect of above) | |||
| Noun with m- prefix and original short vowels | mip̄‘al
מִפְעָל |
maf‘al
مَفْعَل |
singular | miḵtaḇ מכתב | maktab مكتب | "letter" (Hebrew), "office" (Arabic) |
References
- ↑ "Semitic languages - Morphology | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2021-11-21.
- ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-11-13. Retrieved 2021-11-21.
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