Timeline of prehistory

The timeline of prehistory covers the time from when humans first appeared to the time writing was invented. The appearance of Homo sapiens happened approximately 315,000 years ago in the African continent, and the invention of writing over 5,000 years ago. The first records are from 3,200 BC. Prehistory covers the period from the Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) to the beginning of ancient history.

All dates are approximate and may change based on new discoveries or studies.

Middle Paleolithic

  • 320 kya – 305 kya: People at Olorgesailie, in Southern Kenya, improve their skills in making tools and start to trade over long distances.[1]
  • 315 kya: Estimated date when Homo sapiens first appeared (Jebel Irhoud, Morocco).[2]
  • 270 kya: The age of Y-DNA haplogroup A00 also known as ("Y-chromosomal Adam").[3]
  • 250 kya: Date when Homo neanderthalensis (Saccopastore skulls) appeared for the first time.[4]
  • 230 kya: The newest suggested date for the Terra Amata site, which is where the first known building designed for a specific purpose was located, propably built by Homo heidelbergensis.[5]
  • 230 kya – 150 kya: The age of mt-DNA haplogroup L ("Mitochondrial Eve").
  • 210 kya: Presence of modern human in southeast Europe (Apidima, Greece).[6]

References

  1. ↑ Brooks, Alison S.; Yellen, John E.; Potts, Richard; Behrensmeyer, Anna K.; Deino, Alan L.; Leslie, David E.; et al. (6 April 2018). "Long-distance stone transport and pigment use in the earliest Middle Stone Age". Science. 360 (6384): 90–94. Bibcode:2018Sci...360...90B. doi:10.1126/science.aao2646. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 29545508.
  2. ↑ Hublin JJ, Ben-Ncer A, Bailey SE, Freidline SE, Neubauer S, Skinner MM, et al. (June 2017). "New fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco and the pan-African origin of Homo sapiens" (PDF). Nature. 546 (7657): 289–292. Bibcode:2017Natur.546..289H. doi:10.1038/nature22336. hdl:1887/74734. PMID 28593953. S2CID 256771372. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 January 2020. Retrieved 30 July 2022.
  3. ↑ Kamin M, Saag L, Vincente M, et al. (April 2015). "A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture". Genome Research. 25 (4): 459–466. doi:10.1101/gr.186684.114. PMC 4381518. PMID 25770088.
  4. ↑ Endicott, P.; Ho, S. Y. W.; Stringer, C. (2010). "Using genetic evidence to evaluate four palaeoanthropological hypotheses for the timing of Neanderthal and modern human origins" (PDF). Journal of Human Evolution. 59 (1): 87–95. Bibcode:2010JHumE..59...87E. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.04.005. PMID 20510437.
  5. ↑ Villa, Paola (1983). Terra Amata and the Middle Pleistocene archaeological record of southern France. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 303. ISBN 0-520-09662-2.
  6. ↑ Harvati, Katerina; Röding, Carolin; Bosman, Abel M.; Karakostis, Fotios A.; Grün, Rainer; Stringer, Chris; et al. (2019-07-10). "Apidima Cave fossils provide earliest evidence of Homo sapiens in Eurasia" (PDF). Nature. 571 (7766). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 500–504. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1376-z. hdl:10072/397334. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 31292546.
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