Alprazolam

Alprazolam
Clinical data
Pronunciation	Alprazolam /ælˈpræzəlæm/ or /ælˈpreɪzəlæm/, Xanax /ˈzænæks/
Trade names	Xanax, Xanor, Niravam, others
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a684001
Dependence; liability	High
Routes of; administration	By mouth
ATC code	N05BA12 (WHO) ;
Legal status
Legal status	AU: S8 (Controlled drug) ; CA: Schedule IV ; DE: Prescription only (Anlage III for higher doses) ; UK: Class C ; US: Schedule IV ; UN: Psychotropic Schedule IV ; In general: ℞ (Prescription only);
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	80–90%
Protein binding	80%
Metabolism	Liver, via cytochrome P450 3A4
Metabolites	alpha-hydroxyalprazolam, 4-hydroxyalprazolam, beta-hydroxyalprazolam
Onset of action	less than an hour
Elimination half-life	Immediate release: 4–6 hours; Extended release: 11–16 hours
Duration of action	6 hours
Excretion	Kidney
Identifiers
	IUPAC name 8-Chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a] [1,4]benzodiazepine;
CAS Number	28981-97-7 ;
PubChem CID	2118;
IUPHAR/BPS	7111;
DrugBank	DB00404 ;
ChemSpider	2034 ;
UNII	YU55MQ3IZY;
KEGG	D00225 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:2611 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL661 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID4022577 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.044.849
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C17H13ClN4
Molar mass	308.77 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES ClC1=CC2=C(C=C1)N3C(C)=NN=C3CN=C2C4=CC=CC=C4;
	InChI InChI=1S/C17H13ClN4/c1-11-20-21-16-10-19-17(12-5-3-2-4-6-12)14-9-13(18)7-8-15(14)22(11)16/h2-9H,10H2,1H3 ; Key:VREFGVBLTWBCJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
	(verify)

Alprazolam, better known by its trade name Xanax, is a short-acting drug. The drug is made to treat people who get panic attacks or other anxiety disorders.

Alprazolam is the most commonly misused benzodiazepine (the drug's class) in the United States; but the majority of prescribed users do not develop a substance-use disorder. Alprazolam is a prescription drug in the United States.

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Lilley, Linda Lane; Snyder, Julie S.; Collins, Shelly Rainforth (2016). Pharmacology for Canadian Health Care Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 329. ISBN 9781771720663.

[Lill2016-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Lilley, Linda Lane; Snyder, Julie S.; Collins, Shelly Rainforth (2016). Pharmacology for Canadian Health Care Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 329. ISBN 9781771720663.

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