1578
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| 2nd millennium |
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| 1578 by topic |
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| Lists of leaders |
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| Gregorian calendar | 1578 MDLXXVIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2331 |
| Armenian calendar | 1027 ԹՎ ՌԻԷ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6328 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1499–1500 |
| Bengali calendar | 985 |
| Berber calendar | 2528 |
| English Regnal year | 20 Eliz. 1 – 21 Eliz. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2122 |
| Burmese calendar | 940 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7086–7087 |
| Chinese calendar | 丁丑年 (Fire Ox) 4274 or 4214 — to — 戊寅年 (Earth Tiger) 4275 or 4215 |
| Coptic calendar | 1294–1295 |
| Discordian calendar | 2744 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1570–1571 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5338–5339 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1634–1635 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1499–1500 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4678–4679 |
| Holocene calendar | 11578 |
| Igbo calendar | 578–579 |
| Iranian calendar | 956–957 |
| Islamic calendar | 985–986 |
| Japanese calendar | Tenshō 6 (天正６年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1497–1498 |
| Julian calendar | 1578 MDLXXVIII |
| Korean calendar | 3911 |
| Minguo calendar | 334 before ROC 民前334年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 110 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2120–2121 |
| Tibetan calendar | མེ་མོ་གླང་ལོ་ (female Fire-Ox) 1704 or 1323 or 551 — to — ས་ཕོ་སྟག་ལོ་ (male Earth-Tiger) 1705 or 1324 or 552 |
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1578 (MDLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday in the Julian calendar.
Events
- January 31 – Battle of Gemblours – Spanish forces under Don John of Austria and Alexander Farnese defeat the Dutch. Don John begins to recover control of the French-speaking Southern Netherlands
- August 4 – Battle of Al Kasr al Kebir – The Moroccans defeat the Portuguese. King Sebastian I of Portugal is defeated and killed in North Africa, leaving his elderly uncle, Cardinal Henry, as his heir. This initiates a succession crisis in Portugal.
- October 1 – Alexander Farnese, Prince of Parma, succeeds Don John as Spanish Governor-General of the Netherlands.
- Martin Frobisher held the first celebration of Thanksgiving by Europeans in North American at Newfoundland by the Frobisher Expedition.
- Tibet – Sonam Gyrso receives from prince Atlan Khan the title of "Talaï" and becomes the third Dalai Lama.
- Battle of Wenden – The Russians are defeated by the Swedes, who proceed to take Polotsk.
- The Ottoman Empire conquers Abkhazia.
- Sixth and so far the last outbreak of the sweating sickness in England