Arkhangelsk

Arkhangelsk (Russian: Архангельск) is a city in Russia. It is the capital and largest city of Arkhangelsk Oblast in European Russia. According to the 2021 Russian census, the city has 301,199 people.[1]

History

Arkhangelsk was founded in 1584 as a fortified monastery dedicated to Archangel Michael, and became the first major port of the Russian Empire for trade with England and other European countries.[2] The port reached its peak prosperity in the 17th century but later declined after the founding of Saint Petersburg in 1703 and the introduction of high customs duties by Peter I the Great for trade through Arkhangelsk.[2] The city was revived with the construction of a railway connection to Moscow in 1898. By the early 20th century, Arkhangelsk had become Russia's largest timber-exporting port.[2] The city developed major timber-processing industries, including sawmilling, pulp production, and papermaking. Shipbuilding and ship repair became important industries. Arkhangelsk serves as home to a fishing fleet and is the western terminus of the Northern Sea Route.[2]

Geography

Arkhangelsk is located in the northern part of Arkhangelsk Oblast and serves as its administrative center.[3] The city is situated on the Northern Dvina River near its mouth at the White Sea, approximately 35 kilometers from the sea.[4] Arkhangelsk is located approximately 1,242 kilometers north of Moscow, 1,109 kilometers northeast of Saint Petersburg, and 1,271 kilometers north of Nizhny Novgorod.[4]

Economy

Arkhangelsk's main industries include timber trade, paper production, ship building, machinery manufacturing, and biotechnology industries.[5] The city operates a major commercial and fishing port that serves northern Russia's maritime trade. The port handles timber exports, petroleum products, and general cargo.[6]

Population

According to the 2021 Russian census, Arkhangelsk had a population of 301,199 people.[1] This represented a decrease from the 2010 census figure of 348,783 people.[7] The city's population peaked in the 1980s at over 415,000 residents.[8]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 "Численность населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2021 года" (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Arkhangelsk". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  3. ↑ "Правительство Архангельской области" (in Russian). Government of Arkhangelsk Oblast. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 "Arkhangelsk, Russia". World Atlas. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  5. ↑ Holm-Hansen, Jørn (17 November 2023). "Arkhangelsk". Store norske leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  6. ↑ "Port of Arkhangelsk". World Port Source. Retrieved 6 May 2023.
  7. ↑ "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года" (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  8. ↑ "Demographic trends in Russian Arctic cities". Polar Geography. 43 (2): 109–128. 2020. doi:10.1080/1088937X.2020.1735934.

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  • Ferapontov Monastery
  • Kamenny Monastery
  • Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery
  • Kiy Island Monastery
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  • Pechenga Monastery
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  • Solovetsky Monastery

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64°32′N 40°32′E / 64.533°N 40.533°E / 64.533; 40.533

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