First Bulgarian Empire
First Bulgarian Empire ц︢рьство бл︢гарское | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 681–1018 | |||||||||||||
| Capital | Pliska (681–893), Preslav (893–968/972) | ||||||||||||
| Common languages | Bulgar,[3] Byzantine Greek,[4][5][6] Balkan Romance, Old Church Slavonic[7] | ||||||||||||
| Religion | Tengrism, Slavic paganism (681–864), Orthodox Christianity (state religion from 864) | ||||||||||||
| Government | Absolute monarchy | ||||||||||||
| Monarch | |||||||||||||
• 681-700 | Asparuh (first) | ||||||||||||
• 1015-1018 | Ivan Vladislav of Bulgaria (last) | ||||||||||||
| Historical era | Middle Ages | ||||||||||||
• Asparuh arrives and defeats Eastern Rome at the Battle of Ongal | 680 | ||||||||||||
• New Bulgarian state recognized by Eastern Rome | 681 | ||||||||||||
• Christianisation | 864 | ||||||||||||
• Adoption of Church Slavonic as a national language | 893 | ||||||||||||
• Simeon I assumes the title of Tsar (Emperor) | 913 | ||||||||||||
• Theme Bulgaria established in Byzantine Empire | 1018 1018 | ||||||||||||
| Area | |||||||||||||
| 895[8] | 440,000 km2 (170,000 sq mi) | ||||||||||||
| 927[8][9] | 325,000 km2 (125,000 sq mi) | ||||||||||||
| 1000[8] | 235,000 km2 (91,000 sq mi) | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
The First Bulgarian Empire (Church Slavonic: ц︢рьство бл︢гарское, ts'rstvo bl'garskoe[10]) was a medieval Bulgarian state founded in AD 632 in the lands near the Danube Delta, which disintegrated in AD 1018 after its annexation to the Byzantine Empire. It was succeeded by the Second Bulgarian Empire in 1185.
References
- ↑ Fine, John (1991). Early medieval Balkans. ISBN 0-472-08149-7.
- ↑ Curta, Florin (31 August 2006). Southeastern Europe in the Middle ages 500 - 1200. ISBN 0-521-81539-8.
- ↑ Sedlar, Jean W. (2011). East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000–1500. University of Washington Press. p. 424. ISBN 9780295800646.
- ↑ Fletcher, Richard A. (1999). The Barbarian Conversion: from Paganism to Christianity. University of California Press. p. 338. ISBN 0-520-21859-0.
- ↑ Adrados, Francisco Rodríguez (2005). A History of the Greek Language: from its Origins to the Present. BRILL. p. 265. ISBN 90-04-12835-2.
- ↑ Curta 2008, pp. 350–351
- ↑ Language Contact in Europe The Periphrastic Perfect Through History by Bridget Drinka (2017) Cambridge University Press page 290 (ISBN : 9780521514934)
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Rashev, Rasho (2008). Българската езическа култура VII -IX в./Bulgarian Pagan Culture VII - IX c. (in Bulgarian). Класика и стил. ISBN 9789543270392.
- ↑ Davies, Norman (1997). Europe. A History. Oxford University press. ISBN 954-427-663-7.
- ↑ Radoev, Ivanov Alexander (2019). THE CROATIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH Was, Is, And Shall Be. Zagreb, Croatia: Croatian Archbishop Alexander. p. 64. ISBN 978-0-359-99545-5.
According to the law of 893, in the Bulgarian Empire everyone was Bulgarian, and the Bulgarian language was mandatory in the liturgy (with Cyrillic or Glagolitic script).