Hernia
A hernia is a medical condition. If an organ or its tissue moves from its normal position through to another position, it is called a hernia.
| Hernia | |
|---|---|
| Diagram of an indirect inguinal hernia (view from the side) | |
| Medical specialty | General surgery |
| Symptoms | Pain especially with coughing, bulging area[1] |
| Complications | Bowel strangulation[1] |
| Usual onset | < 1 year and > 50 years old (groin hernias)[2] |
| Risk factors | Smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obesity, pregnancy, peritoneal dialysis, collagen vascular disease, connective tissue disease[1][2][3] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms, medical imaging[1] |
| Treatment | Observation, surgery[1] |
| Frequency | 18.5 million (2015).[4] |
| Deaths | 59,800 (2015)[5] |
There are various types of hernia. Most hernias happen in the abdomen. Hernias sometimes give pain and/or a lump that can be felt or seen.
The cause can be hereditary or it can be from lifting objects, especially lifting ones that are too heavy, or if it is done in a wrong way. There are other things that can give hernias. Hernias, especially if small or mild, can be treated with medicine. But it will not go away from this treatment, although it will relieve symptoms.
Types of hernia
- Inguinal Hernia - Inguinal hernia occurs when a small portion of the intestine exits the inguinal canal and enters the femoral joint. Flatulence is a disorder of the esophagus, which usually involves the lining of the abdomen.[6]
- Femoral Hernia - This type of hernia develops when fatty tissue or part of the intestines sticks out of the groin at the top of the inner part of the thigh. It is comparatively less common than inguinal hernia and mainly affects women.[7]
- Umbilical Hernia - When a muscle or tissue hole opens near the umbilical cord, it starts coming out of the internal part of our body, it is called umbilical hernia. In umbilical hernia, there is swelling in the area around the navel.
Hernia treatments
Laparoscopic procedures for hernia repair
Laparoscopic, or minimally invasive, procedures use several small incisions to access the hernia no more than 1 centimeter in length. The abdomen is inflated with carbon dioxide to provide space for the surgeon to work, and the hernia is repaired with a small, flexible instrument called a laparoscope.[8]
Open surgery
This is an open-cut surgery that is performed in the area of the hernia. In this procedure, the protruding tissues are set back, and the weak muscles are stitched up neatly. Also, these are times when a type of mesh will be inserted over the area to provide additional support.[9]
Reconstructive surgery for hernia repair
Abdominal wall reconstruction repairs defects in the abdominal walls while reducing abdominal tension and providing structural support. This may require a component separation so that the muscular sides of the hernia gap can be brought together again. There are many more than just a one type of a hernia.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Fitzgibbons RJ, Forse RA (February 2015). "Clinical practice. Groin hernias in adults". The New England Journal of Medicine. 372 (8): 756–763. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1404068. PMID 25693015.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Domino FJ (2014). The 5-minute clinical consult 2014 (22nd ed.). Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 562. ISBN 9781451188509. Archived from the original on 2017-08-22.
- ↑ Roman S, Kahrilas PJ (October 2014). "The diagnosis and management of hiatus hernia". BMJ. 349: g6154. doi:10.1136/bmj.g6154. PMID 25341679. S2CID 7141090.
- ↑ Vos T, Allen C, Arora M, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Brown A, et al. (GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators) (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1545–1602. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. PMC 5055577. PMID 27733282.
- ↑ Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA, Carter A, et al. (GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators) (October 2016). "Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015". Lancet. 388 (10053): 1459–1544. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1. PMC 5388903. PMID 27733281.
- ↑ "Hernia: Types, Treatments, Symptoms, Causes & Prevention". Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved 2021-11-22.
- ↑ "Hernia Symptoms in Women | Hernia in Women". Sahyadri Hospital. 2021-11-01. Retrieved 2021-11-22.
- ↑ Fisher, Martin. "Hernia Treatment Options | Comprehensive Hernia Center". www.hopkinsmedicine.org. Archived from the original on 2021-12-06. Retrieved 2021-12-06.
- ↑ "Hernia - Causes, Symptoms, Treatments | ONP Hospital | ONP Hospital". onphospitals.com. Retrieved 2021-12-06.