Republic of Siena

Republic of Siena
Repubblica di Siena  (Italian)
Respublica Senensis  (Latin)
1125–1555
Flag (c. 1246)
Coat of arms
Motto: Libertas  (Latin)
Freedom
   Republic of Siena (in dark orange), on map of Italy at the close of the 15th century
CapitalSiena
Common languages
Religion
Roman Catholicism[1]
GovernmentOligarchic classical republic
• 1125–1399
Constitutional republic
• 1487–1512
Pandolfo Petrucci
(first signore)
History 
• Deposition of the bishop who ruled the city
1125
• Creation of the Governo dei Nove
1287
• Battle of San Romano
1432
• Battle of Marciano
1554
• Disestablished
1555
Population
• Estimate
50,000–70,000 (Siena only) in the 14th century[2]
CurrencySenese d'oro, Quattrino
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Bishop of Siena (within Tuscany)
March of Tuscany
Republic of Massa
Duchy of Florence
State of the Presidi
Today part ofItaly

The Republic of Siena (Italian: Repubblica di Siena, Latin: Respublica Senensis) was a country that had the city of Siena and the surrounding area in Tuscany, Central Italy. The country existed for over 400 years, from 1125 to 1555. Its size slowly became bigger through southern Tuscany. The Republic soon became a very important economic power in the Middle Ages. It was thought to be an important money and art center in Europe.[3]

From 1287 to 1355, the Republic had much political and economic power. New buildings were built like the Cathedral of Sienaand the Palazzo Pubblico, and much the wall in Siena was also built.[4][5]

The Republic had some economic decline because of the Black Death and also had instability. That led to the Duchy of Florence taking over Siena in the Italian War of 1551–1559. The country ended on 21 April 1555.[6]

Sources

  • Mario Ascheri and Bradley Franco (2019). A History of Siena: From Its Origins to the Modern Day. Routledge. ISBN 978-0367253486
  • Hook, Judith (1973). "The Fall of Siena". History Today. 23 (2).

References

  1. ↑ Hayton, Heather Richardson (2021). A Companion to Late Medieval and Early Modern Siena. BRILL. p. 352. ISBN 9789004444829.
  2. ↑ Moscadelli, Stefano (1987). "Recenti studi su Siena medievale". Archivio Storico Italiano. 145 (1 (531)): 81–98. ISSN 0391-7770. JSTOR 26214438.
  3. ↑ Ascheri, Mario. Storia di Siena dalle origini ai giorni nostri (in Italian). Biblioteca dell'Immagine.
  4. ↑ "Siena nell'Enciclopedia Treccani". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2021-11-09.
  5. ↑ M. Bowsky, William (1986). Un comune italiano nel Medioevo. Siena sotto il regime dei Nove (1287-1355) (in Italian). Il Mulino. ISBN 8815012214.
  6. ↑ Hook 1973.

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