1581
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| Millennium |
| 2nd millennium |
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| Decades |
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| 1581 by topic |
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| Arts, history, and science |
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| Countries |
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| Lists of leaders |
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| Birth and death categories |
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| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
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| Works category |
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| Gregorian calendar | 1581 MDLXXXI |
| Ab urbe condita | 2334 |
| Armenian calendar | 1030 ԹՎ ՌԼ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6331 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1502–1503 |
| Bengali calendar | 988 |
| Berber calendar | 2531 |
| English Regnal year | 23 Eliz. 1 – 24 Eliz. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2125 |
| Burmese calendar | 943 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7089–7090 |
| Chinese calendar | 庚辰年 (Metal Dragon) 4277 or 4217 — to — 辛巳年 (Metal Snake) 4278 or 4218 |
| Coptic calendar | 1297–1298 |
| Discordian calendar | 2747 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1573–1574 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5341–5342 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1637–1638 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1502–1503 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4681–4682 |
| Holocene calendar | 11581 |
| Igbo calendar | 581–582 |
| Iranian calendar | 959–960 |
| Islamic calendar | 988–989 |
| Japanese calendar | Tenshō 9 (天正９年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1500–1501 |
| Julian calendar | 1581 MDLXXXI |
| Korean calendar | 3914 |
| Minguo calendar | 331 before ROC 民前331年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 113 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2123–2124 |
| Tibetan calendar | ལྕགས་ཕོ་འབྲུག་ལོ་ (male Iron-Dragon) 1707 or 1326 or 554 — to — ལྕགས་མོ་སྦྲུལ་ལོ་ (female Iron-Snake) 1708 or 1327 or 555 |
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1581 (MDLXXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday in the Julian calendar.
Events
- January 16 – English Parliament outlaws Roman Catholicism
- April 4 – After going around the world Sir Francis Drake is knighted by Elizabeth I.
- July 26 – The Northern Netherlands becomes free from Spain in the Oath of Abjuration.
Births
- January 4 – James Ussher, Anglo-Irish priest and scholar
- February 17 – Fausto Poli, Italian Catholic priest
- March 16 – Pieter Corneliszoon Hooft, Dutch historian
- October 9 – Claude Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac, French mathematician
- October 21 – Domenico Zampieri, Italian painter
Deaths
- April 25 – Okabe Motonobu, Japanese warrior
- May 31 – Jan Kostka, Polish noble
- June 2 – James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton, regent of Scotland
- July 11 – Peder Skram, Danish senator and naval officer
- July 22 – Richard Cox, English bishop
- August 21 – Sakuma Nobumori, Japanese retainer and samurai
- September 1 – Guru Ram Das, fourth Sikh Guru
- September 30 – Hubert Languet, French diplomat and reformer
- October 9 – Saint Louis Bertrand, Spanish missionary to Latin-America, patron saint of Colombia
- October 23 – Michael Neander, German mathematician and astronomer
- November 7 – Richard Davies, Welsh bishop and scholar