1583
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| Millennium |
| 2nd millennium |
| Centuries |
| Decades |
| Years |
| 1583 by topic |
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| Arts, history, and science |
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| Countries |
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| Lists of leaders |
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| Birth and death categories |
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| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
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| Works category |
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| Gregorian calendar | 1583 MDLXXXIII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2336 |
| Armenian calendar | 1032 ԹՎ ՌԼԲ |
| Assyrian calendar | 6333 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1504–1505 |
| Bengali calendar | 990 |
| Berber calendar | 2533 |
| English Regnal year | 25 Eliz. 1 – 26 Eliz. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2127 |
| Burmese calendar | 945 |
| Byzantine calendar | 7091–7092 |
| Chinese calendar | 壬午年 (Water Horse) 4279 or 4219 — to — 癸未年 (Water Goat) 4280 or 4220 |
| Coptic calendar | 1299–1300 |
| Discordian calendar | 2749 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1575–1576 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5343–5344 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1639–1640 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1504–1505 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4683–4684 |
| Holocene calendar | 11583 |
| Igbo calendar | 583–584 |
| Iranian calendar | 961–962 |
| Islamic calendar | 990–991 |
| Japanese calendar | Tenshō 11 (天正１１年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1502–1503 |
| Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 10 days |
| Korean calendar | 3916 |
| Minguo calendar | 329 before ROC 民前329年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | 115 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2125–2126 |
| Tibetan calendar | ཆུ་ཕོ་རྟ་ལོ་ (male Water-Horse) 1709 or 1328 or 556 — to — ཆུ་མོ་ལུག་ལོ་ (female Water-Sheep) 1710 or 1329 or 557 |
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1583 (MDLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday in the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Tuesday in the Julian calendar. The Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar
Events
- Newfoundland claimed by England.
- University of Edinburgh started.
Births
- January 8 – Simon Episcopius, Dutch theologian (d. 1643)
- March 3 – Edward Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Cherbury, English diplomat, poet, and philosopher (d. 1648)
- April 10 – Hugo Grotius, Dutch philosopher and writer (d. 1645)
- June 16 – Axel Oxenstierna, Lord High Chancellor of Sweden (d. 1654)
- June 20 – Jacob De la Gardie, Swedish soldier and statesman (d. 1652)
- July 2 – Dodo Knyphausen, German soldier (d. 1636)
- September – Girolamo Frescobaldi, Italian composer (d. 1643)
- September 24 – Albrecht von Wallenstein, Austrian general (d. 1634)
- November 24 – Juan Martínez de Jáuregui y Aguilar, Spanish poet (d. 1641)
- December 17 – Robert Bertie, 1st Earl of Lindsey, English adventurer and soldier (d. 1642)
- December 25 – Orlando Gibbons, English composer (d. 1625)
- date unknown
- Hendrick Jacobszoon Lucifer, Dutch pirate and buccaneer (d. 1627)
- Johann Heinrich Alting, German divine (d. 1644)
- John Beaumont, English poet (d. 1627)
- Bonaventura Elzevir, Dutch printer (d. 1652)
- Stanisław Lubomirski, Polish nobleman (d. 1649)
- Philip Massinger, English dramatist (d. 1640)
- Hayashi Razan, Japanese neo-Confucianist scholar (d. 1657)
- probable
Deaths
- March 18 – King Magnus of Livonia (b. 1540)
- April – Lucas David, Prussian historian (b. 1503)
- May 6 – Zacharias Ursinus, German theologian (b. 1534)
- June 6
- June 9 – Thomas Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex, Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland (b. 1525)
- June – Oda Nobutaka, Japanese samurai (b. 1558)
- July 1 – Sakuma Morimasa, Japanese samurai and warlord (beheaded)
- July 6 – Edmund Grindal, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1519)
- September 9 – Humphrey Gilbert, English explorer (born c. 1537)
- September 16 – Catherine Jagiellon, queen of John II of Sweden (b. 1526)
- November 11 – Gerald Fitzgerald, 15th Earl of Desmond, Irish rebel
- November 24 – René de Birague, French cardinal and chancellor (b. 1506)
- December 14 – Ivan Fyodorov, Russian printer
- December 31 – Thomas Erastus, Swiss theologian (b. 1524)
- date unknown