Antiziganism

Antiziganism[a] refers to the bias, prejudice or discrimination against the Roma.[b]

Overview

Antiziganism has been widespread in Europe since the Middle Ages.[2] The International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA) adopted an official definition for antiziganism on October 8, 2020:[1]

Persecution

For centuries, the Roma have been victims of persecution and systemic discrimination in many countries.[3][4] They were subject to repeated mass murders as well.[3][4]

Modern period

Between the 1500s and the 1700s, Romani men could be hanged without a trial in many countries.[3] Muslim Roma reportedly face double discrimination – antiziganism and alleged Islamophobia.[5] Smears against the Roma are common, especially in European countries.[3][4] Unfortunately, the Roma are blamed just as the Jewish people[6] for social problems and wrongdoings of others.[3][4]

Genocide

Nazi Germany

In World War II, while the Holocaust was happening, the Roma were also genocided by Nazi Germany, his allied countries and their local collaborators in Axis-occupied territories.[7] Historians estimated that between 250,000 and 500,000 Roma had been killed.[8][9] Some historians give a higher death toll estimate, ranging from 800,000 to 1,500,000.[10]

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Also known as antigypsyism or anti-Roma racism.[1]
  2. ↑ Also known as the Romani people.[1]
  3. ↑ The word anti-Roma racism is also recommended for use.[1]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3
    • "Working definition of antigypsyism/anti-Roma discrimination". International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance (IHRA). Retrieved December 11, 2024. Antigypsyism/anti-Roma discrimination is a manifestation of individual expressions and acts as well as institutional policies and practices of marginalization, exclusion, physical violence, devaluation of Roma cultures and lifestyles, and hate speech directed at Roma as well as other individuals and groups perceived, stigmatized, or persecuted during the Nazi era, and still today, as "Gypsies."
    • "About antiziganism". Kommissionen mot Antiziganism. Retrieved December 11, 2024. Antiziganism or anti-Gypsyism, is the particular racist structure, ideology and hostile prejudice targeted at Roma. It seeks to dehumanise, alienate and drive away Roma precisely because they are Roma.
    • Antiziganism: What's in a Word?. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. March 18, 2015. ISBN 978-1-4438-7226-3. Retrieved June 1, 2021.
  2. ↑
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3
  5. ↑ "Muslimische Roma: Doppelte Diskriminierung?".
  6. ↑
  7. ↑
  8. ↑
  9. ↑
  10. ↑ Stone, Dan, ed. (2005). The Historiography of the Holocaust (Nachdr. ed.). Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 383–396. ISBN 978-1-4039-9927-6.
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