The exploration of Mars has been an important part of the space exploration programs of several countries.
Dozens of robotic space probes, including orbiters, landers, and rovers, have been launched toward Mars since the 1960s.
Spacecraft missions to Mars |
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| Active | | |
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| Past | | Flybys | |
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| Orbiters | |
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| Landers |
- Viking 1
- Viking 2
- Mars Pathfinder
- Phoenix
- InSight
- Tianwen-1 lander
- Beagle 2†
- Mars Polar Lander† / Deep Space 2†
- ExoMars Schiaparelli†
- Mars 2†
- Mars 3†
- Mars 6†
- Mars 7†
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| Rovers |
- Zhurong
- Mars Exploration Rover
- Sojourner
- PrOP-M†
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| Aircraft | |
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| Future | | Planned |
- EscaPADE (2025)
- Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) (2026)
- Mangalyaan-2 (2026)
- Tera-hertz Explorer (TEREX)
- Tianwen-3 (2028)
- Rosalind Franklin (2028)
- MBR Explorer‡ (2028, flyby in 2031)
- NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return
- Kazachok
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| Proposed | |
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| Exploration | | Concepts | |
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| Strategies |
- Mars Scout Program
- Mars Exploration Program
- Mars Exploration Joint Initiative
- Mars Next Generation
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| Advocacy |
- The Mars Project
- The Case for Mars
- Inspiration Mars
- Mars Institute
- Mars Society
- Mars race
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Missions are ordered by launch date. Sign † indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned. ‡ indicates use of the planet as a gravity assist en route to another destination. |