An opinion poll shows what a large group of chosen people think about the poll's topic. An opinion poll usually has a set of choices from which the chosen person may choose as his opinion. The number of people that select each choice is recorded. These numbers are then written as percentages of the overall group. This gives a general idea of how many people in a certain group agree or disagree on a certain topic. One of the fundamental principles of opinion polling is selecting a representative sample from a larger population. The goal is to ensure that the group chosen for the survey accurately reflects the demographics and characteristics of the entire population. This is typically done through random sampling methods to minimize bias.
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| Continuous data | |
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| Count data | |
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| Summary tables | |
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| Dependence | |
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| Graphics |
- Bar chart
- Biplot
- Box plot
- Control chart
- Correlogram
- Fan chart
- Forest plot
- Histogram
- Pie chart
- Q–Q plot
- Run chart
- Scatter plot
- Stem-and-leaf display
- Radar chart
- Violin plot
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| Study design |
- Population
- Statistic
- Effect size
- Statistical power
- Optimal design
- Sample size determination
- Replication
- Missing data
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| Survey methodology | |
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| Controlled experiments | |
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| Adaptive Designs |
- Adaptive clinical trial
- Up-and-Down Designs
- Stochastic approximation
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| Observational Studies |
- Cross-sectional study
- Cohort study
- Natural experiment
- Quasi-experiment
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| Statistical theory | |
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| Frequentist inference | | Point estimation |
- Estimating equations
- Unbiased estimators
- Mean-unbiased minimum-variance
- Rao–Blackwellization
- Lehmann–Scheffé theorem
- Median unbiased
- Plug-in
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| Interval estimation | |
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| Testing hypotheses |
- 1- & 2-tails
- Power
- Uniformly most powerful test
- Permutation test
- Multiple comparisons
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| Parametric tests |
- Likelihood-ratio
- Score/Lagrange multiplier
- Wald
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| Specific tests | | | Goodness of fit | |
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| Rank statistics |
- Sign
- Signed rank (Wilcoxon)
- Rank sum (Mann–Whitney)
- Nonparametric anova
- 1-way (Kruskal–Wallis)
- 2-way (Friedman)
- Ordered alternative (Jonckheere–Terpstra)
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| Bayesian inference | |
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| Correlation | |
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| Regression analysis |
- Errors and residuals
- Regression validation
- Mixed effects models
- Simultaneous equations models
- Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS)
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| Linear regression | |
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| Non-standard predictors |
- Nonlinear regression
- Nonparametric
- Semiparametric
- Isotonic
- Robust
- Heteroscedasticity
- Homoscedasticity
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| Generalized linear model | |
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| Partition of variance |
- Analysis of variance (ANOVA, anova)
- Analysis of covariance
- Multivariate ANOVA
- Degrees of freedom
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Categorical / Multivariate / Time-series / Survival analysis |
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| Categorical |
- Cohen's kappa
- Contingency table
- Graphical model
- Log-linear model
- McNemar's test
- Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel statistics
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| Multivariate |
- Regression
- Manova
- Principal components
- Canonical correlation
- Discriminant analysis
- Cluster analysis
- Classification
- Structural equation model
- Multivariate distributions
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| Time-series | | General |
- Decomposition
- Trend
- Stationarity
- Seasonal adjustment
- Exponential smoothing
- Cointegration
- Structural break
- Granger causality
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| Specific tests |
- Dickey–Fuller
- Johansen
- Q-statistic (Ljung–Box)
- Durbin–Watson
- Breusch–Godfrey
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| Time domain |
- Autocorrelation (ACF)
- Cross-correlation (XCF)
- ARMA model
- ARIMA model (Box–Jenkins)
- Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH)
- Vector autoregression (VAR)
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| Frequency domain | |
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| Survival | | Survival function |
- Kaplan–Meier estimator (product limit)
- Proportional hazards models
- Accelerated failure time (AFT) model
- First hitting time
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| Hazard function | |
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| Test | |
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Applications |
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| Biostatistics | |
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| Engineering statistics |
- Chemometrics
- Methods engineering
- Probabilistic design
- Process / quality control
- Reliability
- System identification
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| Social statistics | |
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| Spatial statistics |
- Cartography
- Environmental statistics
- Geographic information system
- Geostatistics
- Kriging
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