An umlaut is a diacritic or accent used in some languages, including German. They are written ä, ö, ü (or ae, oe, ue).
Without the diaeresis (the dots) those three letters are said [a], [o], and [u]. In German, when the dots are put over them, ä, ö, and ü change to sound like [ɛ], [œ]/[ø] and [y]/[ʏ].
When a word that has umlaut letters with dots is changed into English, the letters are usually written as ae, oe, or ue instead of ä, ö, or ü.
Related pages
|
|---|
. |
|
|---|
| Anglo-Frisian | | Anglic | |
|---|
| Frisian | | Historical forms | |
|---|
| East Frisian |
- Ems
- Weser
- Wangerooge Frisian
- Wursten Frisian
- Harlingerland Frisian
|
|---|
| North Frisian |
- Insular
- Eiderstedt
- Föhr–Amrum
- Heligolandic
- Sylt
- Mainland
- Bökingharde
- Halligen
- Goesharde
- Northern
- Central
- Southern
- Karrharde
- Strand
- Wiedingharde
|
|---|
| West Frisian |
- Hindeloopen
- Schiermonnikoog
- Westlauwers–Terschellings
|
|---|
|
|---|
|
|---|
| Low German | | Historical forms | |
|---|
| West Low German |
- Dutch Low Saxon
- Stellingwarfs
- Tweants
- Gronings
- Drèents
- Gelders-Overijssels
- Urkers
- Veluws
- Northern Low Saxon
- Eastphalian
- Westphalian
|
|---|
| East Low German |
- Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch
- Brandenburgisch
- Central Pomeranian
- East Pomeranian
- Low Prussian
- Plautdietsch / Mennonite Low German
|
|---|
|
|---|
| Low Franconian | | Historical forms | |
|---|
| Standard variants | |
|---|
| West Low Franconian |
- Central Dutch
- West Flemish
- Zeelandic
- East Flemish
- Brabantian
- Kleverlandish
- Surinamese Dutch
- Jersey Dutch
- Mohawk Dutch
- Stadsfries/Bildts/Amelands/Midslands
|
|---|
| East Low Franconian | |
|---|
| Cover groups | |
|---|
|
|---|
High German (German) | |
|---|
|
|
|
|---|
| North | | Historical forms | |
|---|
| West | |
|---|
| East |
- Swedish
- Swedish dialects
- Rinkebysvenska
- Danish
- Danish dialects
- Insular Danish
- Jutlandic
- East Danish
- Bornholmsk
- Scanian (historically)
- Southern Schleswig Danish
- Gøtudanskt
- Perkerdansk
- Old Danish
- Middle Danish
- Dalecarlian
|
|---|
- Gutnish
- Mainland Gutnish
- Fårö Gutnish
|
|
|---|
| East | |
|---|
|
|
Philology |
|---|
| Language subgroups |
- Northwest
- Gotho-Nordic
- South
|
|---|
| Reconstructed |
- Proto-Germanic
- Proto-Germanic grammar
- Germanic parent language
- Ancient Belgian language
|
|---|
| Diachronic features |
- Grimm's law
- Verner's law
- Holtzmann's law
- Sievers's law
- Kluge's law
- Germanic substrate hypothesis
- West Germanic gemination
- High German consonant shift
- Germanic a-mutation
- Germanic umlaut
- Germanic spirant law
- Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law
- Great Vowel Shift
|
|---|
| Synchronic features |
- Germanic verb
- Germanic strong verb
- Germanic weak verb
- Preterite-present verb
- Grammatischer Wechsel
- Indo-European ablaut
|
|---|
|
|
- Italics indicate extinct languages
- Languages between parentheses are varieties of the language on their left.
|