Voiced velar nasal

Voiced velar nasal
ŋ
IPA Number119
Encoding
Entity (decimal)ŋ
Unicode (hex)U+014B
X-SAMPAN

The voiced velar nasal is a type of consonant. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨ŋ⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is ⟨N⟩. The English language has this sound. It is the sound represented by ng in walking and angst.

Features

  • The airstream mechanism is pulmonic. This means that this sound is produced by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
  • The phonation is voiced. This means that the vocal cords vibrate while the sound is being pronounced.
  • The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is velar. This means that this sound is produced with the back of the tongue at the soft palate.
  • It is a nasal consonant. This means that air is allowed to escape through the nose, either exclusively (nasal stops) or in addition to through the mouth.

Examples

Language Word IPA Meaning
Albanian ngaqë [ŋɡacə] 'because'
Aleut[1] chaang [tʃɑːŋ] 'five'
Arabic Hejazi
 مــنــقل/mingal [mɪŋɡal] 'brazier'
Armenian Eastern[2] ընկեր/ënker [əŋˈkɛɾ] 'friend'
Assamese ৰং/ŗông [ɹɔŋ] 'color'
Bambara ŋonI [ŋoni] 'guitar'
Bashkir мең / meñ [mɪ̞ŋ]  'one thousand'
Basque hanka [haŋka] 'leg'
Bengali রঙ/rông [rɔŋ] 'color'
Bulgarian[3] тънко/tănko [ˈtɤŋko] 'thin'
Catalan[4] sang [ˈsɑ̃ŋ(k)] 'blood'
Chamorro ngånga' [ŋɑŋaʔ] 'duck'
Chinese Cantonese 昂/ngong4 [ŋɔːŋ˩] 'raise'
Eastern Min 疑/ngi [ŋi] 'suspect'
Gan 牙/nga [ŋa] 'tooth'
Hakka 我/ngai [ŋai] 'I'
Mandarin 北京/beijing [peɪ˨˩tɕiŋ˥] 'Beijing'
Northern Min 外/ngui [ŋui] 'outside'
Southern Min 黃/ng [ŋ̍] 'yellow'
Sichuanese 我/ngo [ŋɔ] 'I'
Wu 五/ng [ŋ˩˧] 'five'
Xiang 熬/ngau [ŋau] 'to boil'
Yuci dialect of Jin 我/ngie [ŋie] 'I'
Chukchi ңыроқ/ṇyroq [ŋəɹoq] 'three'
Czech tank [taŋk] 'tank'
Dinka ŋa [ŋa] 'who'
Danish sang [sɑŋˀ] 'song'
Dutch[5] angst [ɑŋst] 'fear'
English sing [sɪŋ] 'sing'
Faroese ong [ɔŋk] 'meadow'
Fijian gone [ˈŋone] 'child'
Filipino ngayón [ŋaˈjon] 'now'
Finnish kangas [ˈkɑŋːɑs] 'cloth'
French[6] Standard camping [kɑ̃piŋ(ɡ)] 'camping'
Southern France pain [pɛŋ] 'bread'
Galician unha [ˈuŋa] 'one' (f.)
German lang [laŋ] 'long'
Greek άγχος / anchos ['aŋxo̞s] 'Stress'
Hebrew Standard אנגלית/anglit [aŋɡˈlit] 'English language'
Sephardi עין/nayin [ŋaˈjin] 'Ayin'
Hiligaynon buang [bu'äŋ] 'crazy/mentally unstable'
Hindustani Hindi रंग/रङ्ग/raṅg [rəŋg] 'color'
Urdu رن٘گ/raṅg
Fiji Hindustani Rang
Hungarian ing [iŋɡ] 'shirt'
Icelandic göng [ˈkœy̯ŋk] 'tunnel'
Inuktitut ᐴᙳᐆᖅ / puunnguuq [puːŋŋuːq] 'dog'
Inuvialuktun qamnguiyuaq [qamŋuijuaq] 'snores'
Irish a nglór [ˌə̃ ˈŋl̪ˠoːɾˠ] 'their voice'
Italian[7] anche [ˈaŋke] 'also'
Itelmen қниң [qniŋ] 'one'
Japanese Standard 南極 / nankyoku [naŋkʲokɯ] 'the South Pole'
Eastern dialects[8] 鍵 / kagi [kaŋi] 'key'
Javanese ꦱꦺꦔꦏ꧀/Sengak [səŋŋak] stink
Kagayanen[9] manang [manaŋ] 'older sister'
Kazakh мың / myń [məŋ] 'thousand'
Kyrgyz миң/miñ [miŋ]
Ket аяң/ajaņ [ajaŋ] 'to damn'
Khasi ngap [ŋap] 'honey'
Khmer ងាយ / ngéay [ŋiəj] 'easy'
Korean 성에 / seonge [sʌŋe] 'window frost'
Kurdish Northern ceng [dʒɛŋ] 'war'
Central جه‌نگ/ceng
Southern
Luxembourgish[10] keng [kʰæŋ] 'nobody'
Macedonian aнглиски/angliski [ˈaŋɡliski] 'English'
Luganda ŋaaŋa [ŋɑːŋɑ] 'hornbill'
Malay Malaysian and Indonesian bangun [bäŋon] 'wake up'
Kelantan-Pattani sini [si.niŋ] 'here'
Terengganu ayam [a.jaŋ] 'chicken'
Malayalam[1] മാങ്ങ/mān̄n̄a [maːŋŋɐ] 'mango'
Māori[11] ngā [ŋaː] 'the'
Marathi रंग/ranga [rəŋə] 'colour'
Mari еҥ/eng [jeŋ] 'human'
Mongolian тэнгэр / teŋger [teŋger] 'sky'
Nepali नङ/nang [nʌŋ] 'nail'
Nganasan ӈаӈ/ngang [ŋaŋ] 'mouth'
Nivkh ңамг/ngamg [ŋamɡ] 'seven'
North Frisian Mooring kåchelng [ˈkɔxəlŋ] 'stove'
Norwegian gang [ɡɑŋ] 'hallway'
Odia ଏବଂ/ebang [ebɔŋ] 'and'
Panjabi Gurmukhi ਰੰਗ/rang [rəŋ] 'color'
Shahmukhi رنگ/rang
Persian [ræːŋ]
Pipil nemanha [nemaŋa] 'later'
Polish[12] bank [bäŋk] 'bank'
Portuguese manga [ˈmɐ̃(ŋ)ɡɐ] 'mango'
Occitan Provençal vin [viŋ] 'wine'
Rapanui hanga [haŋa] 'bay'
Romanian Țara Moților Transylvanian[13] câine ['kɨŋi] 'dog'
Sāmoan gagana [ŋaˈŋana] 'language'
Serbo-Croatian[14] станка / stanka [stâːŋka] 'pause'
Seri comcáac [koŋˈkaak] 'Seri people'
Shona nanga [ŋaŋɡa] 'witch doctor'
Slovene tank [taŋk] 'tank'
Spanish[15] All dialects domingo [d̪o̞ˈmĩŋɡo̞] 'Sunday'
Galician Spanish, Andalusian, Canarian, and most Latin American dialects alquitrán [alkitˈɾaŋ] 'tar'
Swahili ng'ombe [ŋombɛ] 'cow'
Swedish ingenting [ɪŋɛnˈtʰɪŋ] 'nothing'
Tamil இங்கே/in̄gē [iŋgeː] 'here'
Thai งาน/ngaan [ŋaːn] 'work'
Tongan tangata [taŋata] 'man'
Tuamotuan rangi / ragi [raŋi] 'sky'
Tundra Nenets ӈэва/ŋəwa [ŋæewa] 'head'
Turkmen müň [myŋ] 'thousand'
Tyap nɡɡwon [ŋɡʷən] 'child'
Uzbek ming [miŋ] 'thousand'
Venetian man [maŋ] 'hand'
Vietnamese[16] ngà [ŋaː˨˩] 'ivory'
Welsh rhwng [r̥ʊŋ] 'between'
West Frisian kening [ˈkeːnɪŋ] 'king'
Xhosa ing’ang’ane [iŋaŋaːne] 'hadada ibis'
Yi ꉢ/nga [ŋa˧] 'I'
Yup'ik ungungssiq [uŋuŋssiq] 'animal'
Zapotec Tilquiapan[17] yan [jaŋ] 'neck'

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Ladefoged (2005), p. 165.
  2. ↑ Dum-Tragut (2009), p. 19.
  3. ↑ Sabev, Mitko. "Bulgarian Sound System". Archived from the original on 11 July 2012. Retrieved 31 July 2013.
  4. ↑ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992), p. 53.
  5. ↑ Gussenhoven (1992), p. 45.
  6. ↑ Wells (1989), p. 44.
  7. ↑ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004), p. 118.
  8. ↑ Okada (1999), p. 118.
  9. ↑ Olson et al. (2010), pp. 206–207.
  10. ↑ Gilles & Trouvain (2013), pp. 67–68.
  11. ↑ Reed (2001).
  12. ↑ Jassem (2003), p. 103.
  13. ↑ Pop (1938), p. 31.
  14. ↑ Landau et al. (1999), p. 67
  15. ↑ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003), p. 258.
  16. ↑ Thompson (1959), pp. 458–461.
  17. ↑ Merrill (2008), p. 109.

References

  • Anderson, Gregory D. S. (2008), "The Velar Nasal", in Haspelmath, Martin; Dryer, Matthew S; Gil, David; et al. (eds.), The World Atlas of Language Structures Online, Munich: Max Planck Digital Library, retrieved 2008-04-30
  • Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (1–2): 53–56, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618, S2CID 249411809
  • Dum-Tragut, Jasmine (2009), Armenian: Modern Eastern Armenian, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company
  • Gilles, Peter; Trouvain, Jürgen (2013), "Luxembourgish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (1): 67–74, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000278
  • Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (2): 45–47, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X, S2CID 243772965
  • Gussmann, Edmund (1974), Fisiak, Jacek (ed.), "Nasality in Polish and English" (PDF), Papers and Studies in Contrastive Linguistics, 2, Poznań: Adam Mickiewicz University: 105–122
  • Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (1): 103–107, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001191
  • Jones, Daniel; Ward, Dennis (1969), The Phonetics of Russian, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 9780521153003
  • Ladefoged, Peter (2005), Vowels and Consonants: An Introduction to the Sounds of Languages, vol. 1, Wiley-Blackwell
  • Landau, Ernestina; Lončarić, Mijo; Horga, Damir; Škarić, Ivo (1999), "Croatian", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 66–69, ISBN 0-521-65236-7
  • Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373
  • Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquiapan Zapotec" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 38 (1): 107–114, doi:10.1017/S0025100308003344, archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-12-16, retrieved 2022-03-09
  • Okada, Hideo (1999), "Japanese", in International Phonetic Association (ed.), Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge University Press, pp. 117–119, ISBN 978-0-52163751-0
  • Olson, Kenneth; Mielke, Jeff; Sanicas-Daguman, Josephine; Pebley, Carol Jean; Paterson, Hugh J., III (2010), "The phonetic status of the (inter)dental approximant" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 40 (2): 199–215, doi:10.1017/S0025100309990296, S2CID 38504322{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Ostaszewska, Danuta; Tambor, Jolanta (2000), Fonetyka i fonologia współczesnego języka polskiego, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, ISBN 83-01-12992-1
  • Pop, Sever (1938), Micul Atlas Linguistic Român, Muzeul Limbii Române Cluj
  • Reed, A.W. (2001), Kāretu, Tīmoti (ed.), The Reed Concise Māori Dictionary
  • Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 117–121, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628
  • Wells, J.C. (1989), "Computer-Coded Phonemic Notation of Individual Languages of the European Community", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 19 (1): 31–54, doi:10.1017/S0025100300005892, S2CID 145148170
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