Voiced alveolar nasal

Voiced alveolar nasal
n
IPA Number116
Encoding
Entity (decimal)n
Unicode (hex)U+006E
X-SAMPAn

The voiced alveolar nasal is a type of consonant. Nearly all languages contain this sound. The letter for this sound in the International Phonetic Alphabet is ⟨n⟩. The X-SAMPA symbol for this sound is ⟨n⟩. The English language has this sound, and it is the sound represented by "n" in near and number.

Features

  • The airstream mechanism is pulmonic. This means that this sound is produced by pushing air solely with the lungs and diaphragm, as in most sounds.
  • The phonation is voiced. This means that the vocal cords vibrate while the sound is being pronounced.
  • The place of articulation (where the sound is produced) is alveolar. This means that this sound is produced with the tip of the tongue (apical) or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge (laminal).
  • It is a nasal consonant. This means that air is allowed to escape through the nose, either exclusively (nasal stops) or in addition to through the mouth.

Examples

Language Word IPA Meaning
Adyghe нэфнэ/nėfnė [nafna] 'light'
Arabic Standard نور/nūr [nuːr] 'light'
Assyrian ܢܘܪܐ nōra [noːɾaː] 'mirror'
Basque ni [ni] 'I'
Bengali নাক/naak/nāk [naːk] 'nose'
Catalan[1] neu [ˈneʊ̯] 'snow'
Chinese Mandarin 難/nán [nan˧˥] 'difficult'
Czech na [na] 'on'
Dutch[2] nacht [nɑxt] 'night'
English nice [naɪs] 'nice'
Finnish annan [ˈɑnːɑn] 'I give'
Georgian[3] კანი/k'ani [ˈkʼɑni] 'skin'
Greek νάμα/náma [ˈnama] 'communion wine
Gujarati નહી/nahi [nəhi] 'no'
Hawaiian[4] naka [naka] 'to shake'
Hebrew נבון/navon [navon] 'wise'
Italian[5] nano [ˈnäːno] 'dwarf'
Irish binn [bʲiːnʲ] 'peak'
Japanese[6] 反対/hantai [hantai] 'opposite'
Khmer នគរ nôkôr [nɔkɔː] 'kingdom'
Korean 나라/nara [nɐɾɐ] 'Country'
Kurdish Northern giyanewer [ˈgʲɪjä:ˈnɛwɛˈɾ] 'animal'
Central گیانلەبەر/gîyânlabar [ˈgʲiːäːnˈlæbæˈɾ]
Southern [ˈgʲiːäːnˈlabaˈɾ]
Kyrgyz[7] банан/banan [baˈnan] 'banana'
Malay nasi [näsi] 'cooked rice'
Malayalam[8] കന്നി/kanni [kənni] 'virgin'
Maltese lenbuba [lenbuˈba] 'truncheon'
Mapudungun[9] müna [mɘ̝ˈnɐ̝] 'enough'
Ngwe Mmockngie dialect [nøɣə̀] 'sun'
Nepali नक्कल/nakkal [nʌkːʌl] 'imitation'
Odia ନାକ/nāka [näkɔ] 'nose'
Persian نون/nun [nun] 'bread'
Pirahã gíxai [níˈʔàì̯] 'you'
Polish[10] poncz [ˈpɔn̥t͡ʂ] 'punch'
Punjabi ਨੱਕ/nakk [nəkː] 'nose'
Slovak na [nä] 'on'
Slovene[11] novice [nɔˈʋìːt̪͡s̪ɛ] 'news'
Spanish[12] nada [ˈnäð̞ä] 'nothing'
Swahili ndizi [n̩dizi] 'banana'
Tagalog nipis [nipis] 'thin'
Thai นอน/non [nɔːn] 'sleep'
Turkish neden [ne̞d̪æn] 'reason'
Tamil மனசு/manasu [mʌnʌsɯ] 'mind', 'heart'
Vietnamese[13] bạn đi [ɓanˀ˧˨ʔ ɗi] 'you're going'
Welsh nain [nain] 'grandmother'
Western Apache non [nòn]  'cache'
West Frisian nekke [ˈnɛkə] 'neck'
Yi ꆅ/na [na˧ ] 'hurt'
Zapotec Tilquiapan[14] nanɨɨ [nanɨˀɨ] 'lady'

Notes

  1. ↑ Carbonell & Llisterri (1992), p. 53.
  2. ↑ Gussenhoven (1992), p. 45.
  3. ↑ Shosted & Chikovani (2006), p. 255.
  4. ↑ Ladefoged (2005), p. 139.
  5. ↑ Rogers & d'Arcangeli (2004), p. 117.
  6. ↑ Okada (1999), p. 117.
  7. ↑ Kara (2003), p. 11.
  8. ↑ Ladefoged (2005), p. 165.
  9. ↑ Sadowsky et al. (2013), pp. 88–89.
  10. ↑ Rocławski (1976), p. 136.
  11. ↑ Pretnar & Tokarz (1980), p. 21.
  12. ↑ Martínez-Celdrán, Fernández-Planas & Carrera-Sabaté (2003), p. 255.
  13. ↑ Thompson (1959), pp. 458–461.
  14. ↑ Merrill (2008), p. 108.

References

  • Carbonell, Joan F.; Llisterri, Joaquim (1992), "Catalan", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (1–2): 53–56, doi:10.1017/S0025100300004618, S2CID 249411809
  • Gussenhoven, Carlos (1992), "Dutch", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 22 (2): 45–47, doi:10.1017/S002510030000459X, S2CID 243772965
  • Shosted, Ryan K.; Chikovani, Vakhtang (2006), "Standard Georgian" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 36 (2): 255–264, doi:10.1017/S0025100306002659
  • Ladefoged, Peter (2005), Vowels and Consonants (Second ed.), Blackwell
  • Rogers, Derek; d'Arcangeli, Luciana (2004), "Italian", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 34 (1): 117–121, doi:10.1017/S0025100304001628
  • Okada, Hideo (1999), "Japanese", in International Phonetic Association (ed.), Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge University Press, pp. 117–119, ISBN 978-0-52163751-0
  • Kara, Dávid Somfai (2003), Kyrgyz, Lincom Europa, ISBN 978-3895868436
  • Sadowsky, Scott; Painequeo, Héctor; Salamanca, Gastón; Avelino, Heriberto (2013), "Mapudungun", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 43 (1): 87–96, doi:10.1017/S0025100312000369
  • Rocławski, Bronisław (1976), Zarys fonologii, fonetyki, fonotaktyki i fonostatystyki współczesnego języka polskiego, Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo Uczelniane Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
  • Pretnar, Tone; Tokarz, Emil (1980), Slovenščina za Poljake: Kurs podstawowy języka słoweńskiego, Katowice: Uniwersytet Śląski
  • Martínez-Celdrán, Eugenio; Fernández-Planas, Ana Ma.; Carrera-Sabaté, Josefina (2003), "Castilian Spanish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 255–259, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001373
  • Thompson, Laurence (1959), "Saigon phonemics", Language, 35 (3): 454–476, doi:10.2307/411232, JSTOR 411232
  • Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), "Tilquiapan Zapotec" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 38 (1): 107–114, doi:10.1017/S0025100308003344, archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-12-16, retrieved 2022-02-10
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