| Ginseng
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| Panax quinquefolius
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| Scientific classification
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| Kingdom:
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| Division:
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| Class:
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| Order:
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| Family:
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| Subfamily:
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Aralioideae
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| Genus:
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Panax
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Ginseng refers to species within Panax, a genus of species of slow-growing perennial plants with fleshy roots, in the family Araliaceae. They grow in the Northern Hemisphere in eastern Asia (mostly northern China, Korea, and eastern Siberia), typically in cooler climates; Panax vietnamensis, discovered in Vietnam, is the southernmost ginseng found.
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| Forms | |
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| Targets | | sGC |
- Activators/stimulators: Ataciguat
- BAY 41-2272
- BAY 41-8543
- BAY 60-4552
- BI-703704
- Cinaciguat (BAY 58-2667)
- GSK-2181236A
- Praliciguat
- Riociguat
- Vericiguat
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NO donors (prodrugs) |
- Nitrates: Diethylene glycol dinitrate (DEGDN)
- Erythritol tetranitrate (ETN)
- Ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN; nitroglycol)
- Isosorbide mononitrate (ISMN)
- Isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN)
- Itramin tosilate
- Mannitol hexanitrate
- Naproxcinod (nitronaproxen; AZD-3582, HCT-3012)
- NCX-466
- NCX-2216
- NCX-4016
- NCX 4040
- NCX-4215
- Nicorandil
- Nipradilol (K-351)
- Nitrate (NO−
3)
- Nitroatorvastatin (NCX-6560)
- Nitroflurbiprofen (HCT-1026)
- Nitrofluvastatin
- Nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate (GTN))
- Nitropravastatin (NCX-6550)
- Pentaerithrityl tetranitrate (PETN)
- Propatylnitrate
- Propylene glycol dinitrate (PGDN)
- Sodium trioxodinitrate (Angeli's salt)
- Tenitramine
- Trolnitrate
- Nitroso compounds/nitrites: Nitrite (NO−
2); O-Nitroso compounds (alkyl nitrites): Amyl nitrite (isoamyl nitrite, isopentyl nitrite)
- Cyclohexyl nitrite
- Ethyl nitrite
- Hexyl nitrite
- Isobutyl nitrite (2-methylpropyl nitrite)
- Isopropyl nitrite
- Methyl nitrite
- n-Butyl nitrite
- Pentyl nitrite
- tert-Butyl nitrite; S-Nitroso compounds (thionitrites): LA810
- S-Nitrosoalbumin (SNALB)
- S-Nitrosated AR545C
- S-Nitroso-N-acetylcysteine (SNAC)
- S-Nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP)
- S-Nitroso-N-valerylpenicillamine (SNVP)
- S-Nitrosocaptopril (SNO-Cap)
- S-Nitrosocysteine (SNC, CysNO, SNO-Cys)
- S-Nitrosodiclofenac
- S-Nitrosoglutathione (GSNO, SNOG)
- SNO-t-PA
- SNO-vWF; N-Nitroso compounds (e.g., nitrosamines): SIN-1A
- Nitrosyl compounds: Metal nitrosyl complexes: Roussin's black salt
- Roussin's red salt
- Sodium nitroprusside (SNP)
- NONOates (diazeniumdiolates): Diethylamine/NO (DEA/NO)
- Diethylenetriamine/NO (DETA/NO)
- GLO/NO
- JS-K
- Methylamine hexamethylene methylamine/NO (MAHMA/NO)
- PROLI/NO
- Spermine/NO (SPER/NO)
- V-PYRRO/NO
- Heterocyclic compounds: Furoxans: Furoxan
- REC15/2739; Sydnonimines: Feprosidnine
- Linsidomine (SIN-1)
- Molsidomine (SIN-10)
- Sydnonimine
- Unsorted: Cimlanod
- FK-409
- FR144220
- FR146881
- N-Acetyl-N-acetoxy-4-chlorobenzenesulfonamide
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Enzyme (inhibitors) | | NOS | | nNOS |
- 3-Bromo-7-nitroindazole
- 3-Chloroindazole
- 3-Chloro-5-nitroindazole
- 5-Nitroindazole
- 6-Nitroindazole
- 7-Nitroindazole
- A-84643
- Aminoguanidine (pimagedine)
- ARL-17477
- Indazole
- N5-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine (L-NIO)
- Nω-Methyl-L-arginine (L-NMA)
- Nω-Propyl-L-arginine (L-NPA)
- Nitroarginine (NNA, NOARG)
- Pentamidine isethionate
- TRIM
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| iNOS |
- 1-Amino-2-hydroxyguanidine
- 2-Ethylaminoguanidine
- 2-Iminopiperidine
- 1400W
- AEITU
- Aminoguanidine (pimagedine)
- AMT
- AR-C 102222
- BYK-191023
- Canavanine
- Cindunistat (SD-6010)
- EITU
- IPTU
- MITU
- N5-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine (L-NIO)
- N6-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-lysine (L-NIL)
- Nω-Methyl-L-arginine (L-NMA)
- Ronopterin (VAS-203)
- TRIM
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| eNOS |
- Aminoguanidine (pimagedine)
- N5-(1-Iminoethyl)-L-ornithine (L-NIO)
- Nω-Methyl-L-arginine (L-NMA)
- Nitroarginine (NNA, NOARG)
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| Unsorted |
- Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)
- CKD-712
- Guanidinoethyldisulfide (GED)
- GW-273629
- Indospicine
- KD-7040
- Nitroarginine methyl ester (NAME)
- NCX-456
- NXN-462
- ONO-1714
- VAS-2381
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| Arginase |
- ABH
- Nω-Hydroxy-L-arginine (NOHA)
- chlorogenic acid
- ginseng
- epicatechin
- ornithine
- norvaline
- lysine
- alpha aminoacids
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| CAMK | |
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| Others |
- Precursors: L-Arginine
- Nω-Hydroxy-L-arginine (NOHA)
- Indirect/downstream NO modulators: ACE inhibitors/AT-II receptor antagonists (e.g., captopril, losartan)
- ETB receptor antagonists (e.g., bosentan)
- L-Type calcium channel blockers (e.g., dihydropyridines: nifedipine)
- Nebivolol (beta blocker)
- PDE5 inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil)
- non-selective PDE inhibitors (e.g., caffeine)
- PDE9 inhibitors (e.g., paraxanthine)
- cGMP preferring PDE inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil, paraxanthine, tadalafil)
- Statins (e.g., simvastatin)
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| Types | |
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Vitamins and chemical elements ("minerals") | |
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Other common ingredients | |
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Non-timber forest products |
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| Animal products | |
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| Edible plants / roots |
- Betel
- Fiddlehead ferns
- Heart of palm
- Mahuwa flowers
- Sago palm
- Sassafras
- Saw palmetto
- Wild ginseng
- Wild onions
- Bear garlic
- Canada onion
- Crow garlic
- Twincrest onion
- Pacific mountain onion
- Ramps
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| Mushrooms |
- Bare-toothed russula
- Bay bolete
- Birch bolete
- Cep
- Chanterelle
- Honey mushroom
- Lingzhi
- Matsutake
- Meadow mushroom
- Morel
- Oyster mushroom
- Parasol mushroom
- Red cap
- Saffron milk cap
- Slippery jack
- Truffle
- Yellow knight
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- Allanblackia
- Babassu
- Bacuri
- Candlenut
- Capuacu
- Carnauba
- Chaulmoogra (Hydnocarpus wightiana)
- Cocoa butter
- Eucalyptol
- Eucalyptus
- Illipe
- Japan wax
- Kokum
- Kombo
- Kpangnan
- Kusum
- Mafura
- Mahua
- Mango butter
- Murumuru
- Nagkesar
- Palm (kernel)
- Phulwara
- Pilu
- Pongamia
- Sal-seed (Shorea robusta)
- Sandalwood
- Shea butter
- Tamanu
- Tea-seed
- Tea-tree
- Tucuma
- Ucuuba
- Vateria indica
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| Resins | |
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| Sap / Gum / etc. | |
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| Other | |
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