Philae (before known as RoLand) is an ESA lander spacecraft. It went with the Rosetta spacecraft. It landed on comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenkoon on 12 November 2014 to analyze it.
The name Philae was chosen through a contest organized by ESA, won by fifteen year old Serena Olga Vismara from Milan. The name comes from the orbiter name, already defined as Rosetta, which is the name of the stele that allowed Jean-François Champollion to understand ancient Egypt hieroglyphics. In order to complete the translation, he needed to use also the monuments on the island of Philae, the same way Philae lander will help to complete the work of the Rosetta lander.
Spacecraft missions to Mars |
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| Active | | |
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| Past | | Flybys | |
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| Orbiters | |
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| Landers |
- Viking 1
- Viking 2
- Mars Pathfinder
- Phoenix
- InSight
- Tianwen-1 lander
- Beagle 2†
- Mars Polar Lander† / Deep Space 2†
- ExoMars Schiaparelli†
- Mars 2†
- Mars 3†
- Mars 6†
- Mars 7†
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| Rovers |
- Zhurong
- Mars Exploration Rover
- Sojourner
- PrOP-M†
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| Aircraft | |
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| Future | | Planned |
- EscaPADE (2025)
- Martian Moons eXploration (MMX) (2026)
- Mangalyaan-2 (2026)
- Tera-hertz Explorer (TEREX)
- Tianwen-3 (2028)
- Rosalind Franklin (2028)
- MBR Explorer‡ (2028, flyby in 2031)
- NASA-ESA Mars Sample Return
- Kazachok
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| Proposed | |
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| Exploration | | Concepts | |
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| Strategies |
- Mars Scout Program
- Mars Exploration Program
- Mars Exploration Joint Initiative
- Mars Next Generation
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| Advocacy |
- The Mars Project
- The Case for Mars
- Inspiration Mars
- Mars Institute
- Mars Society
- Mars race
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Missions are ordered by launch date. Sign † indicates failure en route or before intended mission data returned. ‡ indicates use of the planet as a gravity assist en route to another destination. |