World War II by country

This is a list of all the participants of the Second World War on both the allied and axis side.

Almost every country participated in World War II. A few countries managed to remain neutral to the end. It was the deadliest war ever in history with 70-85 million casualties. The war was fought by two alliances fighting against each other. The Axis powers led by the Japanese Empire, Nazi Germany, and Fascist Italy. And the Allied powers led by the Nationalist government of the Republic of China, Free France, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and the United States.

before you see the list.

  • the main countries are in Bold
  • the list starts in 1937 and not 1939

Allies

Main article: Allies of World War II

1937

 China (from July 7 1937)

1939

 Republic of Poland (from September 1 1939)[1]

French Empire (from September 3 1939)[3]

 British Empire (from September 3 1939)

 Nepal (from September 4 1939)

 South Africa (from September 6 1939)

 Canada (from September 10 1939)

  •  Iceland (Replaced occupying British forces, then replaces with American forces)

1940

 Norway (from April 8 1940)[16]

 Denmark (April 9 1940)[17]

  • Greenland (Occupied by the US after the German invasion of Denmark)
  •  Faroe Islands (Occupied by the UK after the German invasion of Denmark)
  •  Iceland (Occupied by the allied powers after the German invasion of Denmark, gained independence in 1944)
  • Danish partisans

 Luxembourg (from May 10 1940)[18]

  • Luxembourg partisans

Dutch Empire (from May 10 1940)

Belgian Empire (from May 10 1940)

 Greece (from October 28 1940)[21]

1941

Yugoslavia (from April 6 1941)[22][23]

 Chetniks (1941)[25]

Viet Minh (from May 19 1941)[26]

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (from June 22 1941)[27]

 Ethiopia (from November 27 1941)[38]

 Panama (from December 7 1941)

 United States (from December 8 1941)

 Costa Rica (from December 8 1941)

 Nicaragua (from December 8 1941)

 Honduras (from December 8 1941)

 El Salvador (from December 8 1941)

 Haiti (from December 8 1941)

 Dominican Republic (from December 8 1941)

 Cuba (from December 9 1941)

 Guatemala (from December 9 1941)

Provisional governments or governments-in exile that declared war against the Axis in 1941

 Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea (from December 10 1941)

 Czechoslovak government-in-exile (from December 16 1941)[42]

1942

 Mexico (from May 22 1942)

Fatherland Front (from July 17 1942

 Brazil (from August 22 1942)

 Australia (from October 9 1942)[43]

Balli Kombëtar (from November 1942-October 1 1943)[44]

1943

 Iraq (from January 16 1943)[45]

 Bolivia (from April 7 1943)

 Colombia (from July 26 1943)

 Iran (From September 9 1943)[46]

 Italy (from October 10 1943)[47]

1944

 Liberia (from January 27 1944)

 Romania (from August 25 1944)[48]

 Bulgaria (from September 9 1944)[49]

 Finland (from September 15 1944)[50]

Albania (from October 20 1944)

1945

 Ecuador (from February 2 1945)

 Paraguay (from February 7 1945)

 Peru (from February 12 1945)

 Uruguay (from February 15 1945)

 Venezuela (from February 15 1945)

 Turkey (from February 23 1945)

 Egypt (from February 24 1945)

 Saudi Arabia (from March 1 1945)

 Argentina (from March 27 1945)

 Chile (from April 11 1945)

Axis

Main article: Axis powers

1937

 Japan (from July 7 1937)

1939

 Germany (from September 1 1939-May 8 1945)

1940

Italian Empire (from June 10 1940-September 8 1943)

Hungary (from November 20 1940-April 4 1945)[65]

 Romania (from November 23 1940-August 25 1944)[66]

1941

 Bulgaria (from March 1 1941-September 9 1944)[67]

Yugoslavia (March 25 - 27 1941)[68]

 Chetniks (1941-1945)[69]

Iraq (May 2 - 31 1941)

 Finland (from June 25 1941-September 15 1944)[70][71]

 Thailand (from December 8 1941)

1943

Balli Kombëtar (from October 1 1943 - 1945)[72]

Participated in the war but not part of allied or axis

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1939-1941)[73]

 Finland (1939-1940)[74]

 Thailand (1940-1941)

Ukrainian Insurgent Army (1941-1944)[75]

Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists (1941-1944)[76]

Belarusian nationalists (1941-1944)[77]

Forest Brothers (1944-1945)[78]

Neutral

Main article: Neutral powers during World War II

  Switzerland

 Lithuania (annexed by the USSR in 1940)

 Latvia (annexed by the USSR in 1940)

 Estonia (annexed by the USSR in 1940)

 Ireland

Spanish Empire

Portuguese Empire

 Sweden

 Yemen

Afghanistan

Tibet

 Danzig

 Andorra

 Monaco[80]

 Liechtenstein

  Vatican City

 San Marino[81]

 Iceland[82]

 Indonesia[83]

 Tuva (Soviet satellite state, annexed by the USSR in 1944)[84]

Xinjiang (annexed by China in 1944)[85]

 East Turkestan[86]

References

  1. ↑ As a government-in-exile after the Invasion of Poland in 1939.
  2. ↑ Non-communist partisans.
  3. ↑ When France fell to Germany, almost all of the french colonies became colonies to the puppet state Vichy France. All the colonies were liberated by the allies from 1940-1943 (except for French Indochina who was invaded by Japan in 1940).
  4. ↑ With the formation of Vichy France.
  5. ↑ As a condominium of the French Third Republic and the United Kingdom.
  6. ↑ Occupied by the french from 1942 to 1951.
  7. ↑ Australia gained Self-governance in 1942.
  8. ↑ As a condominium of the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Egypt.
  9. ↑ under British suzerainty.
  10. ↑ As a condominium of the United Kingdom and the United States.
  11. ↑ As a condominium of the French Third Republic and the United Kingdom.
  12. ↑ The SOE helped resistance movements all across Axis-occupied Europe.
  13. ↑ Occupied after the end of the East African Campaign.
  14. ↑ Occupied after the end of the East African Campaign.
  15. ↑ Occupied after the end of the North African Campaign.
  16. ↑ As a government-in-exile after the German invasion of Norway in 1940 untill the liberation of Norway in 1945.
  17. ↑ Denmark was invaded by Germany in 6 hours on 9 April 1940. on 4 May 1945, German forces in Denmark surrendered to the British. Officially liberating Denmark from Germany.
  18. ↑ As a government-in-exile after the invasion in 1940 until the liberation of Luxembourg in 1944.
  19. ↑ As a government-in-exile after the invasion in 1940 until the liberation of the Netherlands in 1945.
  20. ↑ As a government-in-exile after the invasion in 1940 until the liberation of Belgium in 1944.
  21. ↑ A a government-in-exile after the invasion in 1941 until the liberation of Greece in 1944.
  22. ↑ Joined the allies due to a coup against the axis and formed an allied government (and then being invaded by the axis the next month).
  23. ↑ As a government-in-exile after the Invasion of Yugoslavia in 1941 until joining the Yugoslav Committee of National Liberation to form the Provisional Government of the Democratic Federal Yugoslavia in 1945.
  24. ↑ Merger of the Yugoslav government-in-exile and the Yugoslav Committee of National Liberation.
  25. ↑ At the start of the occupation, the Chetniks fought with the Yugoslav Partisans against the Axis Powers. But in late 1941, the Chetniks started to collaborate with the axis against Tito’s partisans. And they continued to do so until the end of the war.
  26. ↑ Democratic Republic of Vietnam declared on 2 September 1945 (the same day World War II ended).
  27. ↑ Before Operation Barbarossa in 1941, the Soviets invaded Poland in 1939. 2 weeks after Germany invaded. Then the Soviets invaded Finland a few months later (but they didn’t annex all of Finland). Then the Soviets annexed Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Bessarabia in august 1940.
  28. ↑ Willy Wolff (1976) [1973]. An der Seite der Roten Armee На стороне Красной армии.
  29. ↑ Kampfgruppen was an Anti-fascist resistance group formed in the USSR and some time engaged in battles with the Red Army[28]
  30. ↑ Gosztony, Peter. Stalins Fremde Heere, Bernard & Graefe Verlag, 1991. ISBN 3-7637-5889-5
  31. ↑ Иностранные войска, созданные Советским Союзом для борьбы с нацизмом (in Russian). Центрполиграф. 2024. ISBN 9785046032826.
  32. ↑ https://theorangefiles.hu/the-provisional-national-government-1945/
  33. ↑ Debrecen government operated in the Soviet-occupied territory of Hungary, while the Nazi-backed government in Budapest continued the war on the side of Germany.[30][31][32].
  34. ↑ Communist partisans.
  35. ↑ From 6 January 1942 – 1 January 1944.
  36. ↑ From 1 January 1944 – 29 July 1944.
  37. ↑ From May 1943.
  38. ↑ After being liberated by the British in 1941.
  39. ↑ As a government-in-exile after the invasion in 1941 until the liberation of the Philippines in 1945.
  40. ↑ As a condominium of the United Kingdom and the United States.
  41. ↑ The Iroquois Confederacy was the only Native American nation to have officially declared war on the Axis powers separately from the United States.
  42. ↑ The Czechoslovak government would return to Czechoslovakia after the country’s liberation in 1945.
  43. ↑ Australia gained Self-governance in 1942.
  44. ↑ Balli Kombëtar had differences with the Communist LANÇ and later allied with Germany to fight LANÇ in October.
  45. ↑ At this point, Iraq was occupied by the British after an invasion in 1941.
  46. ↑ At this point Iran was occupied by the allies after an allied invasion in 1941 to protect the supply line that went through Iran.
  47. ↑ Joined the allies due to the allied invasion that month. A few months earlier Mussolini was deposed from power. Italy signed peace with the allies and formed in allied government (and going under allied occupation).
  48. ↑ Joined the allies due to the Soviet operation in august. With Ion Antonescu (the leader of Romania) being arrested and Romania forming an allied government (and going under Soviet occupation).
  49. ↑ Joined the allies due to the soviet invasion in September. With a coup by the Bulgarian resistance and Bulgaria forming an allied government (and going under Soviet occupation).
  50. ↑ Joined the allies due a soviet operation that had been going on for months.
  51. ↑ As a condominium of the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Egypt.
  52. ↑ Protectorate and partially-annexed territory of Nazi Germany.
  53. ↑ Occupied by Germany after the Slovak National Uprising.
  54. ↑ Protectorate and partially-annexed territory of Nazi Germany
  55. ↑ During operation torch, (the allied invasion of french North Africa) the axis invaded Vichy France. But Pétain stayed in power until 1944 when France was liberated by the allies.
  56. ↑ When France fell to Germany, almost all of the french colonies became colonies to the puppet state Vichy France. All the colonies were liberated by the allies from 1940-1943 (except for French Indochina who was invaded by Japan in 1940).
  57. ↑ As a puppet state.
  58. ↑ Joint puppet state of Germany and Italy.
  59. ↑ Co-existed with Reichskommissariat Norwegen.
  60. ↑ Hungary became a German puppet state in 1944 after a pro axis coup (Operation Panzerfaust).
  61. ↑ Co-existed with the Quisling Regime from 1942.
  62. ↑ Joined the allies due to the allied invasion that month. A few months earlier Mussolini was deposed from power. Italy signed peace with the allies and formed in allied government (and going under allied occupation).
  63. ↑ As a protectorate.
  64. ↑ Joint puppet state of Germany and Italy.
  65. ↑ Hungary became a German puppet state in 1944 after a pro axis coup (Operation Panzerfaust).
  66. ↑ Joined the allies due to the Soviet operation in august. With Ion Antonescu (the leader of Romania) being arrested and Romania forming an allied government (and going under Soviet occupation).
  67. ↑ Joined the allies due to the soviet invasion in September. With a coup by the Bulgarian resistance and Bulgaria forming an allied government (and going under Soviet occupation).
  68. ↑ Joined the allies due to a coup against the axis and formed an allied government (and then being invaded by the axis the next month).
  69. ↑ At the start of the occupation, the Chetniks fought with the Yugoslav Partisans against the Axis Powers. But in late 1941, the Chetniks started to collaborate with the axis against Tito’s partisans. And they continued to do so until the end of the war.
  70. ↑ Before Operation Barbarossa in 1941, Finland was involved in the Winter War with the Soviets in 1939 and lost some land to them. And Finland was never officially part of the axis powers.
  71. ↑ Joined the allies due a soviet operation that had been going on for months.
  72. ↑ Balli Kombëtar had differences with the Communist LANÇ and later allied with Germany to fight LANÇ in October.
  73. ↑ Before Operation Barbarossa in 1941, the Soviets invaded Poland in 1939. 2 weeks after Germany invaded. Then the Soviets invaded Finland a few months later (but they didn’t annex all of Finland). Then the Soviets annexed Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Bessarabia in august 1940.
  74. ↑ Before Operation Barbarossa in 1941, Finland was involved in the Winter War with the Soviets in 1939 and lost some land to them. And Finland was never officially part of the axis powers.
  75. ↑ Fought against Nazi Germany and the USSR.
  76. ↑ Fought against Nazi Germany and the USSR.
  77. ↑ Fought against Nazi Germany and the USSR.
  78. ↑ Fought against the USSR after German forces were kicked out of the Baltics.
  79. ↑ See Blue Division
  80. ↑ Occupied by Italy and then Germany from 1942-1944.
  81. ↑ Occupied by Germany from 17 - 20 September 1944.
  82. ↑ After Denmark fell in 1940, the allies occupied Iceland and in 1944 Iceland gained independence from Denmark.
  83. ↑ Declared independence from the Netherlands on 17 August 1945.
  84. ↑ Some sources say that Tuva declared war on Germany on June 25th 1941.
  85. ↑ In 1937, Xinjiang won independence from china after the Soviets invaded.
  86. ↑ The Soviets supplied rebel forces after xinjiang was annexed back into china.
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